海明威和路遥作品中硬汉形象的比较分析-comparative analysis of tough guy images in hemingways and lu yaos works.docxVIP

-- i -AcknowledgementI’m heartedly grateful to my supervisor, Associate Prof. Qi Tao, for his valuable suggestions, and useful references in the course of writing this paper and for all the pains he took in reading and correcting my drafts. Without his generous and patient help, completion of this paper would have been impossible.My gratitude should also go to all other professors in the School of Foreign Studies, Anhui University. From their lectures, I have obtained and benefited a lot.Special thanks also go to my parents, my husband and my son for their supports and encouragement.IntroductionIntroduction-- PAGE 1 -Chapter I IntroductionA Brief Introduction to Hemingway and Lu Yao and their Tough Guys1.1.1 Ernest Hemingway and His Tough GuysErnest Hemingway (1899—1961) is one of the most outstanding American novelists in the 20th century and he created literary classics with his harmonious combination of vivid characters and profound philosophy which reflects his own characteristic charm in the world literary cannon. As a tough guy he himself, he also created a lot of tough-guy characters in his works. It is not difficult to find that although these characters vary byage and nationality, they have something in common, that is, being able to maintain “grace under pressure”. In Hemingway’s novels, these characters face up to their troubles or even their doom manfully. These impressive “tough guys” have become the trademark of Hemingway’s works. Among them, Nick Adams, Jake Barns, Frederic Henry, Robert Jordan, and Santiago are typical tough guys.Nick Adams marks Ernest Hemingway’s American debut in a 1925 book titled In Our Time. Two years later, a bullfighter Manuel Garcia continues the “tough guy” short story in The Undefeated featured in the collection Men without Women. Manuel was an excellent bullfighter when he was young. When he gets older, he still continues this dangerous career. Although his picador Zurito strongly discourages him,Manuel proceeds and is