托福阅读例子原文.docx

托福阅读例子原文 　托福阅读例子原文： 　geologists have long known that the earths mantle is heterogeneous， but its spatial arrangement remains unresolved—is the mantle essentially layered or irregularly heterogeneous? the best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system whose source，most geologists contend，is the upper　　geologists however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths，argue that the mantle is not layered， but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in incompatible elements (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly， according to the vagaries of the fluids pathways. we believe，perhaps unimaginatively，that this debate can be resolved through further study，and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key. 　1、难词 　spatial：空间的，太空的;2.存在(或者发生)于宇宙空间的 　plume：羽状物2.柱，地柱 　xenolith：俘虏岩 　percolate：渗透2.扩散到，弥漫于 　portions：n.一部分 　2、难句 　难句 best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system， whose source，mostgeologists contend，is the upper mantle. 　对于地幔分层论点来说，最好的证据乃这样一个确认的事实，即在那些海洋岛屿——这些岛屿据信是源于由下层地幔升上来的地幔柱状溶岩流(mantle plume)——上发现的火山岩石，是由与海洋中部山脊系统的物质根本不同的物质构成的，而这一海洋中部山脊系统的成因，大多数地质学家论辩道，为上部地幔。 　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语 　解释： 　本句前面的主干并不算难，即the evidence is the fact that，难就难在fact之后说明fact的同位语从句。此从句中既有大段插入语，又有从句，较为难读。同位语从句的主语是volcanic rocks，主语后面的found on oceanic islands是分词修饰volcanic rocks的;islands后面又有一个说明islands的同位语islands believed to result from mantle plumes 　arising from the lower mantle，此同位语实际起到一个分隔主谓的同位语的作用。其后是谓语动词are composed/of f