水力压裂第三部分.pptVIP

Proppant Retention Problems and Technology支撑剂滞留问题与技术 Field trials favored curable resin现场试验支持固化覆膜砂 Excellent results on one well using very controlled flowback technology严格控制放喷技术在一口井上得到了很好的结果 CT Fracturing Refer to PPT from Century Geometry, surface area, volume几何尺寸，面容比 greater surface area to volume ratios increases reaction rate面容比越大，反应速率越快 In fracture acidizing, this ratio can be affected by pump rate, viscosity and fluid loss在酸化压裂中，面容比会受到排量、粘度和液体滤失的影响 Effects of Main Parameters影响因素 Effects of Main Parameters影响因素 Viscosity粘度: suppresses turbulence抑制紊流 increases fracture width增加裂缝宽度 interferes with removal of spent acid from surfaces and replacement by live acid therefore slows reaction rate干扰表面去除废酸由活性酸替代的过程，因此降低了反应速率 Velocity流速: below turbulence, increasing velocity increases reaction rate 达到紊流之前，增加速度会提高反应速率 at turbulence the rate remains constant紊流时反应速率保持不变 Additional velocity does not increase rate 流速再增加也不会引起反应速率的提高 Therefore, increasing pump rate after turbulence will help increase the live acid penetration distance因此，到达紊流之后增加酸液排量有助于提高活性酸的穿透能力 Effects of Main Parameters影响因素 Fluid loss液体滤失 An effective fluid loss additive can cause deeper penetration of live acid有效的降滤失剂可提高活性酸活穿透能力 However, it is difficult to achieve effectiveness但是，有效性很难实现 Effects of Main Parameters影响因素 Section 4 Methods of Application 应用 Perforation washing孔眼清洗: low pressure circulation across perforations 孔眼处的低压循环 ball sealers injection 注入封堵球 straddle packer or perforation washing tool 双皮碗或孔眼清洗工具 Methods of Application应用 Matrix acidizing 基质酸化 remove formation damage from the near wellbore area 清除近井筒地层伤害 define type of damage and restraints e.g. nearby water 定义伤害类型和限定因素，例如临近水层 place acid evenly in a radial distribution around the well在井筒周围径向上平均布酸 therefore do not pressure to fracturing level小于裂缝压裂压力 Matrix acidizing (cont’d) treating fluid selection depends on composition of plugging material and composition of rock matrix and reservoir fluid依据堵塞材料、岩石基质和储层流体的组分选择酸液 Avoid HF if carbonates