中国历史文化概况(英文版)unit13scientistandgreatthinker.pptVIP

导读：华佗：（145-208）东汉沛国谯（今亳州市）人，字元化，三国著名医学家。少时曾在外游学，钻研医术而不求仕途。精通内、妇、儿、针灸各科，外科尤为擅长，行医足迹遍及安徽、山东、河南、江苏等地。他曾用“麻沸散”使病人麻醉后施行剖腹手术，是世界医学史上应用全身麻醉进行手术治疗的最早记载。又仿虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟等禽兽的动态创作名为“五禽之戏”的体操，教导人们强身健体。后因不服曹操征召被杀，所著医书已佚。今亳州市有“华佗庵”等遗迹。 Hua Tuo was a renowned Chinese physician during the Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period. The Records of Three Kingdoms and Book of Later Han（后汉书） record Hua as the first person in China to use anesthesia during surgery. He used a general anesthetic combining wine with a herbal concoction called mafeisan (麻沸散 lit. cannabis boil powder). Besides being respected for expertise in surgery and anesthesia, Hua Tuo was famous for his abilities in acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, and medical Daoyin exercises. He developed the Wuqinxi (五禽戏Exercise of the Five Animals) from studying movements of the tiger, deer, bear, monkey, and crane. The oldest extant biographies of Hua Tuo are found in the official Chinese histories for the Eastern Han (25-220) and Three Kingdoms (189-280) eras. The 3rd-century Sanguozhi (三国志) and 5th-century Hou Hanshu (后汉书) record that Hua was from the district of Qiao (谯) in the state of Pei (沛), and studied Chinese classics throughout the Xuzhou region (modern Jiangsu and Shandong). Hua refused employment offers from high-ranking officials and chose to practice medicine. Hua Tuo had mastered the technique for nourishing ones nature. Although his contemporaries thought that he must have been a hundred years old, he still looked hale and hardy. Hua Tuo was also highly skilled in prescribing medicines. In curing illnesses, the decoctions that he prepared required only a few ingredients. His mind was so adept at dividing up and compounding according to the right proportions that he did not have to weigh the different components of his medicines with a balance. Once the decoction was boiled thoroughly it could be drunk. Hua Tuo would tell the patient how to take the medicine and then would go away, after which the patients