计算机网络技术基础单元3网络的体系结构与协议3ip协议.ppt

* * * * * * Purpose: This figure explains how to plan subnet numbers. Emphasize: What if this were a Class B address? How many bits would we have for subnetting then? Where do you want to draw the line now? Alternatives to review: Creating the subnet at the octet boundary is easier to work with—more host bits and more subnet bits. Explain that the decision is really a guess on how you think your network will grow—will it have more subnets or more hosts? RFC 1219 Mirroring: Mirroring hedges the subnetting decision by buying time. Do not use mirroring if you intend to use route summarization or variable-length subnet masking (VLSM); they are incompatible with mirroring. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Emphasize: Highlight the fixed values that start each class address. The first octet rule states that when an address falls into a specified range, it belongs to a certain class. Students should soon be able to recognize the address class of any IP address on sight. Note: If time or interest permits, you can use the initial bit patterns in the first octet and show how a class of IP network derives the range of network numbers for that IP address class. * * Purpose: This figure explains how to calculate the number of available hosts in a network. Emphasize: 2N-2 is the calculation to determine available hosts. N is the number of binary digits in the host field. Subtract 2 because a host cannot be all 0s or 1s. The same principal applies when determining the number of available networks. * * Purpose: This figure presents an overview of host and network address conventions. Emphasize: In the example, and refer to the wires at each end of the router. Explain how the routing table is used. Entries in the routing table refer to the network only. The router does not know the location of hosts—it knows the location of networks. . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Purpose: This figure explains what networks look like without subnets. Without