直接引语与间接引语课件(详细).pptVIP

由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变: 1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.” → The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃. 2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” → He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day. 3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.” → The teacher said that World War Ⅱ ended in 1945. 4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” → She said that I must hurry up. * 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语 (Direct speech); 二. 用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语 (Indirect speech). 陈述句 Jane said, “I’m very fond of traveling.” 间接引语(变化后) 直接引语 (变化前) that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling. 间接引语(变化后) 直接引语 (变化前) 一般疑问句 “Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John. whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella. 间接引语(变化后) 直接引语 (变化前) 特殊疑问句 “Mary, when will you return me the book?” asked John. wh-词引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book. 由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面: 间接引语(变化后) 主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时 She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” 直接引语(变化前) 从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law. 间接引语(变化后) 直接引语(变化前) 从句动词时态相应变化 主句动词为一 般过去时 从句动词变为: 引导动词为: 一般现在时 “I know it,” he said. 一般过去时 He said that he knew it. 间接引语(变化后) 直接引语(变化前) 从句动词时态相应变化 主句动词为一 般过去时 从句动词变为: 引导动词为: 现在进行时 “I’m making coffee for you all,” she said. 过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all. 间接引语(变化后) 直接引语(变化前) 从句动词时态相应变化 主句动词为一 般过去时 从句动词变为: 引导动词为: 现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时 He said he had seen her before. 间接引语(变化后) 直接引语(变化前) 从句动词时态相应变化 主句动词为一 般过去时 从句动词变为: 引导动词为: 一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said. 过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 间接引语(变化后) 直接引语(变化前) 从句动词时态相应变化 主句动词为一 般过去时 从句动词变为: 引导动词为: 过去完成时 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for man