Irny 修辞讲解.docVIP

IronyDefinition: 1.an important linguistic phenomenon in our daily life or literary works. 2. saying sth but mean the opposite 3. is a figure of speech, in order to bring emphasis to a particulartruth with deliberately use of language that is contrary to the truth. Origin: from Greek word “ eironeia”, means “dissimulation(修饰）”Types: verbal irony--refers to the speaker’s expression and intention comes apart: when a speaker says one thing but actually means annother, or when a literal meaning is contrary to its intended effect.“great game, Tom.” --when Tom fumbled three times.又如英国的 Gotham 是有名的愚人村 , 却故意说 : They are almost as wise as the wise men of Gotham .他们 几乎和愚人村里的愚人一样聪明Situational irony--refers to one’s intention and the action’s result comes apart: the result of an action is contrary to the expected effect.Situational irony results from recognizing the oddness of a given situation, which can be positive or negative.Situational irony can be also called Circumstantial Irony or Irony of Fate.再例如凯特·肖 邦 (Kate Chopin) 的短篇小说 《一小时的故事》 ( The Story of anHour) 中 , 路易丝·马拉德 (Louise Mallard) 太太得知丈夫因车祸去世的消息时表面上一阵号啕大哭 , 内 心里却暗自 高兴 , 她早就盼望这一天的到来 , 不禁低声对自 己说 : “ Free ! Bodyand soul free !” 但正当她暗自 得意时 , 丈夫突然出 现在门口 ! 原来他大难不死 , 安然回家 ,而 Mallard 太太却由于这突如其来的刺激而心脏病发作 , 不治身亡 。 Dramatic Irony is common in novels and plays. In the novel the words and actions of the characters of a work of literature have a different meaning for the reader than they do for the character.“ I hope Tom s better offwhere he is , ” said Sid , “but if he d been better in some way —”“Sid !” Tom felt the glare of the old lady s eye , though he could not see it . “ Not a word againstmy Tom , now that he s gone !” (Mark Twain : The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)“ 我多 希望汤姆现在在另 外那个世界更舒服些 , ” 席德说 , “ 不过他从前有些地方要是不那么 顽皮 … …“ 席德 !” 汤姆虽 然看不见 老太太的 眼睛 , 却感觉到 她向 席德瞪眼睛的神气 。 “ 现在我的汤姆死了 , 不许说他的坏话 !”＊ 这是汤姆的小伙伴席德和波莉姨妈的谈话 。 席德说他希望汤姆在另一个世界更舒服些 , 本是实话 , 因为他以为汤姆死了 。 他说话的对象 ———波莉姨妈也是这样想的 。但读者知道 , 情况正好相反 , 因为汤姆并没有死。二、