心理学基本理论basic-theory-of-medical-psychology.pptVIP

Our Behaviors are Acquired Through: External Events: observing others, behavior “modeling.” Bobo Doll studies. Implications for media’s impact on behavior. * Our Behaviors also Acquired Through: Internal events: How we think and feel. Reciprocal Determinism Behavior, cognitive factors, and the environment interact to shape our personalities. Our behavior is affected by whether or not we see ourselves in control of our environment or being controlled by it. * External Locus of Control (ELC): Our lives are determined by fate, chance, outside factors. Internal Locus of Control (ILC): We control our destinies. We are responsible for our actions/reactions. “Internals” have been shown to be more independent, handle stress better, achieve more in school. * Example 1 External Locus of Control: Bad event ELC Learned Helplessness Learned Helplessness: Person feels helpless, depressed, passive, “this always happens to me,” “I have the worst luck,” “nothing ever works out.” * Example 2 Internal Locus of Control: Bad event ELC Self Efficacy Self Efficacy: Person has feelings of mastery, competence, “I will get through this,” “I will learn from this,” “let’s look at the positive side.” * Research Findings Women have been shown to attribute job success to external events. ELC: Luck, right place, right time. Men attribute job success to internal factors. ILC: I have great skills, I know my job well. This finding has been shown in a variety of settings. Why do you think that is? * Contributions Insightful connection between internal and external influence on behavior. The cognitive piece allows us to examine unobservable issues so important to thought process and behavior. Interesting applications for therapy. Criticisms Anything can be explained as a product of cognition and environment. Little on traits, dispositions. * We have reviewed four theories of personality: Psychoanalytic