转录水平调控.pptVIP

二、转录水平的调控 1.乳糖操纵子 大肠杆菌生长需要碳源, 常见的是糖类, 最方便利用的是葡萄糖, 但有些条件下培养基中并无葡萄糖，仅有半乳糖等糖类，这时分解它们的酶类必须合成，才能利用半乳糖。 当葡萄糖与乳糖共存，情况比较复杂，分解它们的酶类必须不合成。 降解物基因活化蛋白CAP（catabolic gene activate protein, CAP), 与cAMP形成复合物结合于启动子部位，引起DNA构象的变化，促进RNA聚合酶与启动子结合，使转录的起始更加频繁，是一种正调控。当有葡萄糖存在时，其分解代谢产物可抑制腺苷酸环化酶活性，激活磷酸二酯酶活性，cAMP含量下降，使CAP失活。 2.色氨酸操纵子 翻译过程对转录的调节衰减作用(弱化作用) 翻译过程对转录的调节衰减作用(弱化作用) 色氨酸mRNA的5’端有162核苷酸的前导序列，当RNA的合成启动后除非缺乏色氨酸，否则大部分mRNA仅合成140核苷酸即停止。前导肽能编码一小段14肽，其终止区具有潜在的茎环构象和成串的U，表现出转录终止位点的特征。前导RNA链有4个区域彼此互补，可形成奇特的二级结构，有些情况下出现终止子结构。 转录与翻译偶联是原核生物的特征。 原核生物翻译结束mRNA上有特殊的终止子结构。 衰减作用(弱化作用) 的意义 E. coli Bacterium 弱化子系统主要是对外源色氨酸浓度作出反应，维持浓度的恒定。 色氨酸浓度 t 5.Quorum Sensing: An Activator(群体意识） There exists a species of squid （鱿鱼） the squid has evolved a light organ in which it cultures a very pure, very dense population of a bacteria called Vibrio fischeri. This bacteria produces a substance called luciferase, which glows with the same intensity as the moon. Euprymna scolopes swimming Euprymna scolopes hatching Euprymna scolopes ventral view of light organ This Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) has silvery tissue around and across its eye. These reflective, silvery tissues of the eye and skin are made of the same unusual proteins that help make the squids flashlight work. This Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) is a night active predator that buries in the sand during the day and comes out at night to forage. This adult specimen, which is preparing to bury for the day, has silvery tissues around its eyes and blue-silver tissues in its skin due to proteins called reflectins. Protein-based reflectors appear to be unique to squid, octopus and other members of the cephalopod class of marine animals. Most cephalopods have big heads, large eyes, grabbing tentacles and sacs filled with ink. Close-up of the eye of a Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes). The Hawaiian bobta