计算机网络自定向下设计课件第二篇.pptVIP

Packet switching versus circuit switching Great for bursty data resource sharing no call setup Excessive congestion: packet delay and loss protocols needed for reliable data transfer, congestion control Q: How to provide circuit-like behavior? bandwidth guarantees needed for audio/video apps still an unsolved problem (chapter 6) Is packet switching a “slam dunk winner?” Packet-switched networks: routing Goal: move packets among routers from source to destination we’ll study several path selection algorithms (chapter 4) datagram network: destination address determines next hop routes may change during session(分时系统用)对话期间 analogy: driving, asking directions virtual circuit network: each packet carries tag (virtual circuit ID), tag determines next hop fixed path determined at call setup time, remains fixed thru call routers maintain per-call state Access networks and physical media Q: How to connect end systems to edge router? residential access nets institutional access networks (school, company) mobile access networks Keep in mind: bandwidth (bits per second) of access network? shared or dedicated? Residential access: point to point access Dialup via modem up to 56Kbps direct access to router (conceptually) ISDN: integrated services digital network: 128Kbps all-digital connection to router ADSL: asymmetric digital subscriber line up to 1 Mbps home-to-router up to 8 Mbps router-to-home ADSL deployment - 2 million lines in U.S. and Canada Residential access: cable modems HFC: hybrid fiber coax asymmetric: up to 10Mbps downstream, 1 Mbps upstream network of cable and fiber attaches homes to ISP router shared access to router among homes issues: congestion, dimensioning deployment: available via cable companies, e.g., MediaOne Institutional access: local area networks company/univ local area network (LAN) connects end system to edge router Ethernet: shared or dedicated cable connects end system and router 10 Mbs, 100Mbps, Gigabit Ethernet Deployment（配置）: instit