Unit1Gretscientists 知识讲解 过去分词作表语和定语.docVIP

过去分词作表语和定语编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞概念引入 今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子：1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified 过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.(affected 过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. （determined 过去分词作表语）6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (polluted 过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。过去分词的作用：1. 与助动词一起构成谓语： 1）过去分词与have/ has/ had一起构成完成时，如： Have?you ever been to abroad before? 你以前出过国吗？(现在完成时) The roads were full of people. We hadn’t thought of that. （过去完成时） 路上到处都是人。我们之前没有想到这一点。 2）过去分词与be动词一起构成被动语态。 Will the goods be delivered to us on time? 这些货物能按时交付给我们吗？ These books are not intended for children. 这些书不是为孩子们设计的。2. 非谓语动词用法作为非谓语动词在句子中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。1）作表语：I am awfully worried, because Daddy is ill.我很着急，因为爸爸病了。2）作定语：She had a worried look on her face. 她满面愁容。3）作宾语补足语：She wanted the work finished by Friday. 她要求这工作星期五前完成。4）作状语：They came in, followed by their wives. 他们走了进来，妻子们跟随在后。Convinced that they were trying to poison her, she refused to eat anything.她认为他们想毒害她，便拒绝吃任何东西。过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语的位置单个过去分词作定语时，多放在被修饰词前，而分词短语多放在被修饰词后。 Martin’s confused sorrows turned to optimism. 马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。The play put on by the teachers