2019版高考英语一轮复习 语法专题讲义 北师大版.docVIP

语法专题专题一名词和冠词语法项目(一)　名　词名词的数 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. ——规则点拨1．物质名词一般不用复数形式，但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别。fishes各种鱼　　fruits各种水果　　steels各种钢材2．物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。a cup of tea一杯茶two pairs of trousers两条裤子four pieces of bread四片面包3．有些名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。work(工作)→works(著作)arm(手臂)→arms(军火)glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜)cloth(布)→clothes(衣服)4．有些名词既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词，但是意义不同。room空间→a room一间房glass玻璃→a glass一个玻璃杯子 chicken鸡肉→a chicken一只小鸡paper纸→a paper一张报纸5．有些名词形似单数，但实为复数，如police, people。6．有些名词单复数同形。如means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，works(工厂), cattle。7．有些名词若被看作整体就用作单数，若被看作组成该集体的各个成员就用作复数。class, family, couple, audience, government, public。8．有些名词经常以复数形式出现。glasses眼镜　　　　　　　 clothes衣服goods货物 trousers裤子ashes灰尘 surroundings环境belongings所有物 congratulations祝贺have words with sb.同某人吵架9．合成名词的复数。go-between→go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up→grown-ups, passer-by→passers-by。[注意事项]　以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词复数形式一般加-es。watch—watches(此时ch的发音是/t?/)，而stomach—stomachs (此时ch的发音是/k/)例外。 ——对点演练(单句改错)1. (2018·山东临沂一模)In China, I always spend the Spring Festival with Chinese family, eating dumplings, laughing and joking.family→families_2．(2018·江西省高三第二次联考) As we returned home, I gathered some item. item→items3．(2018·山西重点中学协作体一模) Whats more, we should improve our method of study and make good preparations for exams.method→methods_4．(2018·山西晋商四校联考)Li Lin is a senior three students who devotes himself to his study every day. students→student5．(2018·安徽示范性高中联考)First, we should adopt a positive attitudes towards failure.attitudes→attitude名词的固定搭配 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)1．(2018·河北石家庄二中一模) I would appreciate it if you could take me into consideration (consider)．