验证性因素分析和SEM模式之应用.pptVIP

驗證性因素分析與SEM模式之應用 主講人：葉惠忠 國立高雄應用科技大學 企管系副教授 正修科大 98.10.21 大綱 研究架構與變數 因素分析 驗證性因素分析 線性結構模式之應用 Two-Stage Research Design Exploratory Study Loose structure Expand understanding Provide insight Develop conceptual schemes Develop hypotheses Formal Study Precise procedures Begins with hypotheses Answers research questions Conceptual schemes 以簡單圖形表示諸多研究變數間之因果關係 多以線性結構方程模式(SEM, Structure Equation Model)加以驗證 What Is A Variable? Types of Variables Scales of Variables Independent and Dependent Variables Independent Variable (IV) Predictor Presumed cause Stimulus Predicted from… Antecedent Manipulated Dependent Variable (DV) Criterion Presumed effect Response Predicted to…. Consequence Measured outcome Moderating Variables (MV) The switch to commission from a salary compensation system (IV) will lead to increased sales productivity (DV) per worker, especially among younger workers (MV). Dennis(1997)科技的成功與接受模式 Extraneous Variables (EV) With new customers (EV-control), a switch to commission from a salary compensation system (IV) will lead to increased sales productivity (DV) per worker, especially among younger workers (MV). Intervening Variables (IVV) The switch to a commission compensation system (IV) will lead to higher sales productivity (DV) by increasing overall compensation (IVV). A promotion campaign (IV) will increase savings activity (DV), especially when free prizes are offered (MV), but chiefly among smaller savers (EV-control). The results come from enhancing the motivation to save (IVV). Bontis(1999)智慧資本的鑽石模式 How to separate a variable? 驗證性因素分析的意義 驗證性因素(Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA)分析是探索性因素分析(Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA)的擴展。 用來檢定因素負荷及因素間的相關性。 使用時機: 探索性因素分析:研究者對因素結構不甚了解的探索階段。 驗證性因素分析:當對問題有進一步了解或經由EFA分析後進行。 CFA與EFA不同: CFA路徑較少，一般在CFA模式，每個數只與一個潛在變數(因素)相連，但也可與多個潛在變數相連。 EFA因素間要求是獨立的(直交旋轉)，但CFA分析則沒有此限制。 EFA理論架構在分析後才產生，CFA理論架構是事前提出。 CFA分成一階與高階 一階CFA：指因素間只有相關，沒有因果關係。 高階(二階或更高)CFA:指因素都受更高一階的因素的共同影響。 探索性與驗證性因素分析路徑圖 比較一階驗證因素與二階驗證因素(CFA) Marsh and Hocevar1985提出的目標