伦理与法制化第二.pptVIP

动物福利 定义 指人为地提供给动物相应的物质条件和采用的行为方式，要保证动物在健康舒适的状态下生存，使动物处于生理和心理愉快的感受状态 动物福利 * 动物福利 渊源 1809年，一位英国的勋爵提出一项法案，要求禁止虐待动物 1822年，英国上下两院通过里程碑《马丁法》(Martin Act)，首次认定虐待动物本身是一种犯罪 1850年，法国通过了反虐待动物法律 1866年，美国通过《反虐待动物法案》 1960年，美国通过《动物福利法》 动物福利 * 善待活着的动物 减少死亡的痛苦 动物福利 * 世界兽医协会关于动物福利五大准则 World Veterinary Association (WVA) Policy Statement on Animal Welfare, Well-Being, and Ethology Freedom from hunger and thirst Freedom from physical discomfort and pain Freedom from injury and disease Freedom from fear and distress Freedom to conform to essential behavior, and patterns 享有不受饥渴的自由 享有生活舒适的自由 享有不受痛苦伤害和疾病的自由 享有生活无恐惧和悲伤感的自由 享有表达天性的自由 动物福利 * 野生动物 遵循食物链原则，不适合 Wild animals We have to respect for the rule of Food Chain and do not intervene in their sanctuary 伴侣动物 适合 Companion animals The owners have to care their animals appropriately during all their life (5 freedoms of WVA) and they have responsibility to society instead of their animals 动物福利适合每一个动物（1） ??? “Animal Welfare” to every animal 动物福利 * 观赏动物 适合 Animals in zoo: We have to keep appropriate environment similar to a habitat and care animals appropriately during all their life (5 freedoms of WVA) . 家畜 区别对待 Livestock: A consent of consumer is necessary to an increase of price of products due to improving environment of care for livestock. 动物福利适合每一个动物（2） ??? “Animal Welfare” to every animal 动物福利 * WHO 要求 中国政府困境 ??? 瑞士 禁止出售和进口由笼养系统生产鸡蛋 丹麦 猪舍内部应安装淋浴系统；猪舍地面应铺设草垫，不能铺设粗糙和带根的材料 欧盟 猪运输时间超过8小时就要休息24小时；猪在宰杀时，减少宰杀的痛苦；并且必须隔离屠宰，以防被其它猪看到而产生恐惧感 动物福利 * 实验动物 区别对待 Laboratory animals: How do we have to consider “animal welfare” of laboratory animals. 动物福利适合每一个动物（3） ??? “Animal Welfare” to every animal? 动物福利 * Regulates the use of dogs, cats, primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits and farm animals in research, teaching, and testing. Rats, mice and birds excluded from AWA in USA! Requires that all proposals to use animals be reviewed and approved by an IACUC. Requir