文体学 Vaieties.pptVIP

3.Varieties of Language Questions 1.In what way can stylistic study help us Cultivate a Sense of Appropriateness 2.In what way can stylistic study help us sharpen the understanding and appreciation of literary works ? 3. In what way can stylistic study help us achieve adaptation in translation ? Lead in Policeman: What’s your name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Dr Poussaint. I am a physician. Policeman: What’s your first name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Alvin Outline 1. Different views on Varieties 2. Two Kinds of Varieties 3. The Mutual Dependence between two varieties 4. The Social meaning of Language varieties 5. Summary 1. Different views on Varieties Classification according to user, use and social relations—Sociolinguist Joshua Fishaman suggested that we consider “who speaks (or writes) what language (or what language variety) to whom and when and to what end.”(1972: 46) Classification 1 User: historical varieties, regional dialect, social dialect Use: legal, journalistic, business, scientific, literary Social relations: medium—oral/ written and status/ attitude Quirk et al (Grammar of Contemporary English, 1972: 14): The fact that…the “Common Core” dominates all the varieties means that, however esoteric or remote a variety may be, it has running through it a set of grammatical and other characteristics that are present in all others. It is presumably this fact that justifies the application of the name “English”. Classification 2 (张德禄) Personal letters, tourist guide, foreign trade writing, news reporting, comments, advertising, scientific writing, official document, biography, practical speeches, legal documents, religious writings Classification 3(侯维瑞) *情景变体：语域 *地方变体：地域方言 *社会变体：社会方言—社会阶层、民族、性别、年龄、行业团体、俚语（社会变体与情景变体的混合） *功能变体：功能文体—文学、广告、新闻、科技、法律 *时间变体：历代文体 5.美国语言学家Martin Joos根据语体的正式程度把语言分为五类 (1)熟近(intimate) (2)随便(casual) (3)商榷(consultative) (4)正式(formal) (5)僵化(frozen) Partings Frozen: Farewell, and Godspeed. Formal: Goodbye. We look forward to seein