心血管疾病的生物化学检验ppt课件.ppt

十章 心血管系统疾病的生物化学检验（双语）;背景资料;主要内容;第一节 概述;心肌血液供应来自主动脉根部发出的左右冠状动脉，冠状动脉主干行走于心脏表面，沿途发出分支，在心肌和心内膜下层形成丰富的毛细血管网，毛细血管与心肌比例高达1:1。;备注： 内膜 内皮细胞 基膜 内弹性膜 中膜 外弹性膜 平滑肌 外膜 内腔 内皮细胞 基膜;Heart Disease Heart disease is a general term that refers to a variety of acute and chronic medical conditions that affect one or more of the components of the heart. The heart is a muscular, fist-sized organ that is located in the left side of the chest cavity胸腔. It continuously pumps blood, beating as many as 100,000 times a day. The blood that the heart moves carries oxygen and nutrients营养素 throughout the body and transports carbon dioxide二氧化碳 and other wastes to the lungs, kidneys, and liver for removal. ;The heart ensures its own oxygen supply through a set of coronary arteries冠状动脉 and veins. The heart is also an endocrine内分泌的 organ that produces the hormones atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP) 心房利钠肽,心钠素 and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which coordinate协调 heart function with blood vessels and the kidneys. ;Diseases affecting the heart may be structural or functional. Anything that damages the heart or decreases the heart’s supply of oxygen, makes it less efficient, reduces its ability to fill and pump, will disrupt the coordinated relationship between the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels and will harm not only the heart but the rest of the body as well. ;Heart diseases may be due to: Atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化Common disorder of the arteries in which deposits沉着物consisting mostly of cholesterol胆固醇and lipids form on the inner arterial wall. As a result, the vessels become nonelastic无弹性的and narrowed, leading to decreased blood flow. One of the most important examples is coronary artery disease冠心病. ;Autoimmune conditions Congenital abnormalities先天性异常 Hypertension高血压 Diabetes糖尿病 Thyroid dysfunction (under and overactive)甲状腺功能异常 Diet, especially when high in saturated fat饱和脂肪and cholesterol ;Injury or trauma Smoking Alcohol use Cocaine use可卡因 Anabolic steroid use促蛋白合成类固醇 Toxins, such as mercury水银, a