基于PC与单片机的串行通信系统的设计.doc

摘 要 Ⅰ 摘 要 计算机技术在其发展过程中形成两个重要分支：通用计算机领域，现在以Pc机为代表，着重发展海量高速数值运算技术，而其控制能力是有限的；嵌入式计算机领域，现在以单片机为代表，着重发展计算机的控制技术，而其计算机速度是有限的。在目前的许多实时工业控制和数据采集系统中，常常采用PC机做上位机和多个单片机做下位机的主从式系统。在主从分布式控制系统中，单片机主要完成实时数据采集，被采集数据经初步处理后通过串口传送给主机。主机将从机发送来的数据进行处理后随时向用户提供各种统计报表和整个控制过程的具体数据。主机同时根据从从机接收的过程参数进行判断处理并给从机(单片机)发送各种控制命令。它既利用了单片机的价格低、功能强、抗干扰能力强、温限宽和面向控制等优点，又利用PC机操作系统的高级用户界面、多任务、自动内存管理等特点。单片机与微机的串行通信可以弥补单片机在数据处理方面的不足和PC机在控制方面的欠缺。 本设计主要介绍如何实现一台微机与一台单片机之间的串行通信。在硬件设计方面，用MAX232芯片完成单片机TTL电平到RS-232双向电平的转换；用数字式温度传感器DS1820来采集外界温度，测量结果以数字量方式串行传送，温度用数码管显示出来。通过串口RS232进行串口通信把温度数据传送给PC机，在软件设计方面，PC机采用VB语言编程，使用VB提供的一个名为Mscomm的通信控件来实现串行口收发数据；单片机方面用中断方式完成数据的接收和发送。 关键词：温度采集；单片机；智能化温度传感器DS1820；VB串口通信 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Ⅱ Ⅱ ABSTRACT Computer technology in their development process to form two major branches: the field of general-purpose computer, now represented by Pc machine, focus on the development of massive high-speed numerical computing technology, and its control is limited; the field of embedded computer, and now to single-chip represented, focus on the development of computer control technology, and the computer speed is limited. Many in the current real-time industrial control and data acquisition system are often used single-chip to do PC and many single-chip machine to do under the master-slave system. In the main from the distributed control system, single-chip real-time mainly complete data acquisition, data have been collected after the initial transfer to the host through the serial port. Host will send data at any time after processing to provide users with a variety of statistical reports and the entire control process specific data. At the same time from the host machine to receive from the process parameters and to determine the processing from the machine (single chip) to send various control commands. It is the use of a single-chip low price, function, and anti-interference ability, and wide temperature limits,for the control etc and PC operating systems use high-level user interface, mult