弓形虫疟原虫节肢动物ppt课件.ppt

(疟 原 虫);Plasmodium(疟 原 虫);Four Plasmodium species are responsible for human malaria :;Human is the intermediate host, the asexual reproduction occur in liver and RBCs of the human host; Mosquito is the final host, the sexual reproduction takes place in the stomach of mosquito. ;Asexual reproduction in man Development in liver (exo-erythrocytic stage) Development in RBCs (erythrocytic stage) Sexual and asexual reproduction in mosquito ;Ruptured oocyst; the life cycle of Plasmodium;① 红外期(Exo-erythrocytic stage);② 红内期(Erythrocytic stage);RBC;薛氏小点;间日疟原虫未成熟裂殖体;;;;恶性疟原虫（雌雄）配子体;红外期发育时间;2、 Sexual and asexual reproduction in mosquito ;Definitive host: Mosquito Intermediate host: Human Infective form: sporozoite (子孢子) Parasiting residence: mainly RBCs Infective way: biting by mosquito , blood transfusion. ;潜伏期(incubation period)：; 表现为周期性地寒战、高热和出汗退热。 发作周期和红内期裂体增殖周期一致。; 疟疾初发患者红内期疟原虫已被彻底消灭，但红外期疟原虫即迟发型子孢子休眠期结束，未经蚊媒传播，经过数周至年余，又出现疟疾发作。;原因:;脾肿大;;;脑型疟;Duffy血型（-）的西非人对P.v有抵抗力 镰状红细胞贫血（HbS）、红细胞缺乏 G6PD对P.f有抵抗力 ; 人感染疟原虫后，多能产生一定的免疫力，能抵抗同种疟原虫的再感染，但同时其血液内又有低水平的原虫血症。;免疫逃避;检查时间：;270 million cases annually;① P.f 、P.v;外周血中有配子体的病人和带虫者; 全世界除欧洲、北美、澳大利亚、日本等37个国家和地区已消灭疟疾外，多数国家还不同程度的存在疟疾流行区。 2002年全国疟疾形势：发病率较2001年上升68.2%；湖北、河南、安徽、江苏、贵州出现不同程度的局部爆发流行；云南、海南两省是我国疟疾流行最严重的疟区和传播恶性疟的病灶区；输入性病例增加。;根治;(刚地弓形虫 );对人体致病与传播有关的发育期:;trophozoite of toxoplasma gondii;;;cyst of toxoplasma gondii; Sporangium (孢子囊);The life cycle of Toxoplasma .gondii includes: ;The sexual cycle in the definitive host;The asexual cycle in intermediate host;Both oocysts and tissue cysts transform into tachyzoites shortly after ingestion . Tachyzoites localize in neural and muscle tissue and develop into tissue cyst bradyzoites , most commonly in skeletal muscle, myocardium, and brain; these cysts may remain throughout the life of the host If a pregnant woman becomes infected ,tachyzoites can infect the fetus via the bloodstream .;;⒈development in intermediate host;⒉ development in