浙工大信号和系统PPT.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Signals and Systems 1.1 Continuous-time and discrete-time signals 1.1.1 Examples and Mathematical Representation A simple RC circuit An automobile Signals : Functions of one or more independent variables. physical phenomena or physical quantities, which change with time or space. Systems : A process in which signals can be transformed. Classification of Signals (信号的分类) Determinate and Random Signals A determinate signal ——x(t) 能够用确定的时间函数表示。 A random signal —— cannot find a function to represent it 不能用确定时间函数表示——干扰信号、噪声信号 Continuous-time and Discrete-time Signals Continuous-time signals’ independent variable is continuous : x(t) 对一切时间t (除有限个不连续点外) 都有确定的函数值，称为连续时间信号，简称连续信号。 Discrete-time signals are defined only at discrete times (only for integer values of the independent variable) : x[n] 仅在不连续的瞬间(仅在自变量的整数值上)有确定函数值,称为离散时间信号，又称序列 Representing Signals Graphically 1.1.2 Signal Energy and Power With these definitions, we can identify three important classes of signals: 1.2.2 Periodic and Aperiodic Signals For a continuous-time signal x(t) x(t)=x(t+mT0) , (m=0,+1,-1,+2,-2,……) for all values of t. For a discrete-time signal x[n] x[n]=x[n+mN0] , (m=0,+1,-1,+2,-2,……) for all values of n. x(t) or x[n] is periodic with Fundamental Period T0 or N0 Example Determine the fundamental period of the signal x(t) = 2cos(10πt+1)-sin(4πt-1) the fundamental period ： cos(10πt+1) T1=1/5 sin(4πt-1) T2=1/2 x(t)： the lowest common multiple of 0.2 and 0.5 is 1, the fundamental period of x(t) is 1. 1.2.3 Even and Odd Signals(偶信号与奇信号) 1.3.2 Discrete-time Complex Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals (sequences) 1.3.3 Periodicity Properties of Discrete-time Complex Exponentials Relationship between unit sample and unit step sequence the unit sample is the first difference of the unit step sequence Pr