乌桕梓油生物柴油制备及其燃烧排放特性分析-preparation of sapium sebiferum stillingia oil biodiesel and analysis of its combustion emission characteristics.docxVIP

体[Hmim][PF6]中酶法催化生物柴油的条件进行了优化。在醇油摩尔比4.2:1，加酶量22.7%，反应温度41°C，水含量11%，反应24小时的最优反应条件下，生物柴油得率达到96.21%。3.测定了所制备生物柴油的基本燃料特性。结果表明，其基本满足欧盟及我国生物柴油标准。在一个单缸柴油发动机上燃烧不同掺混比例（B0、B20、B50、B100）的乌桕梓油生物柴油，对比考察了动力和经济性能，并进一步研究了燃油的HC、CO、碳烟、NOx以及CO2尾气的排放特性。结果表明，在对该柴油发动机不做任何参数调整的前提下，生物柴油及其与石化柴油的混合燃油可直接用于柴油发动机。由于生物柴油的热值比石化柴油稍低，相同工况下与燃用0#柴油相比，燃用乌桕梓油生物柴油的输出功率有小幅降低，燃油消耗率稍有上升，生物柴油在燃油经济性上比石化柴油有所下降，考虑以较小掺混比例使用乌桕梓油生物柴油为佳。柴油机燃用混合燃料的HC、CO和碳烟排放明显低于燃用B0，且排放浓度随着燃油中生物柴油比例增大而显著降低。同时，NOx排放相对于普通石化柴油稍有增加。生物柴油的CO2排放也比柴油有少量增加。总体上，乌桕梓油生物柴油的燃烧排放特性显著优于石化柴油，但对NOx排放的升高机理及降低其排放的方法有待进一步研究。关键词：乌桕梓油生物柴油皱褶假丝酵母脂肪酶离子液体燃烧特性排放特性AbstractRenewablealternativefuelsourcesarecurrentlyattractingwideattentionaspetroleumresourceisgraduallydepletedandoilpriceisspirallyrising,atthesametime,withthethreatofgreenhousegasemissionandairpollution,theglobalclimateisdeteriorating.Biodiesel,asoneofthealternativefuelresources,hasbecometheresearchhotspotbecauseit’srenewable,nontoxic,biodegradableandcompatiblewithexistingdieselengines.However,thedevelopmentofbiodieselindustryhasbeenseriouslyhinderedbythelackoffeedstock.Edibleoilscannotbeusedasthemainrawmaterialsforbiodieselproductionbecausetheymustfirstmeetthedemandoffoodindustrytoensurefoodsupplysecurity,especiallyinChina,thepercapitacultivatedlandisverylow.Therefore,thedevelopmentofbiodieselindustryshouldcomplywiththenationalenergypolicystatedas“Withoutcompetitionforfoodwithpeople,withoutcompetitionforfarmlandwithfood”.Itisthebestchoicetodevelopoilresourcesfromwoodyplants.ChinesetallowisasubtropicaldeciduoustreenativetoChina,withitsseedscontainingasmuchas45%ofoil,makingitsuitableforbiodieselproduction.Inaddition,plantationofChinesetallowdoesnotoccupyfarmlandresource.Thus,itisofgreatsignificancetoexplorebiodieselpreparationfromChinesetallowkerneloil.Inthisstudy,theenzymaticcatalyzedbiodieselproductionfromChinesetallowkerneloilwereinvestigated,andthenitscombustionandemissionpropertieswerepriliminarilyexamined,inordertoprovidetheoreticalandtechnicalsupportfordevelopingbiodieselindustryfromChineset