大学英语-四级语法精要.docVIP

大学英语四级语法精要(1) 2004-8-24 19:48:00 HYPERLINK /ad/ck/4080-22903-9499-0?aid=pp369;text;cattoympro=/QQ_W0QcatrefZC4QQsacategoryZ75257QQsocmdZListingItemList \t _blank Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)?? 1.?时态? 1)现在完成进行时态?(have/has?been?+?-ing?分词构成):?动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.? I’ve?been?writing?letters?for?an?hour.? I’ve?been?sitting?in?the?garden.? 2)过去完成进行时(由had?been?+?ing分词构成):?过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作? I’d?been?working?for?some?time?when?he?called.? We?had?been?waiting?for?her?for?two?hours?by?the?time?she?came.? 3)将来完成进行时:?将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.? By?next?summer,?he?will?have?been?working?here?for?twenty?years.? In?another?month’s?time?she’ll?have?been?studying?here?for?three?years.? 4)将来完成时(由shall/will?have?+?过去分词构成):?将来某时会业已发生的事.? I?shall?have?finished?this?one?before?lunch.? They’ll?have?hit?the?year’s?target?by?the?end?of?October.? 2.?语态? 1)?可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:? He?was?said?to?be?jealous?of?her?success.? It?was?said?that?he?was?jealous?of?her?success.? 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.? It?is?supposed?that?the?ship?has?been?sunk.? The?ship?is?supposed?to?have?been?sunk.? 担当be?supposed?to?与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:? Why?are?you?driving?so?fast?in?this? area??You?are?supposed?to?know?the?speed?to?know?the?speed?limit.?(你应该晓得速度限制)? 2)?双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态? a)?双宾语结构的被动语态:?双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.? He?was?asked?a?number?of?questions?at?the?press?conference.? Two?days?were?allowed?them?for?making?the?necessary?preparations.? b)?宾补结构的被动语态:?? She?was?called?Big?Sister?by?everybody.? Then?he?was?made?a?squad?leader.? He?was?considered?quite?qualified?for?the?job.? The?room?was?always?kept?clean?and?tidy.?? 3.?短语动词? 1)?Vi?+?adv? The?plane?took?off?two?hours?late.? 2)?Vi?+?prep? They?looked?round?the?Cathedral.? 3)?Vi?+?prep?(有被动语态)? She’s?looking?after?her?sister’s?children.? The?children?were?always?well?looked?after.? 4)?Vi?+