谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 3 HYPERLINK /share \t _blank ?????? 英语句子的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。?????? 汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多，实际上有不少差别。例如：　　Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.?? 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。?????? Ill go when I have had my dinner.???? 我吃了饭就去。????? 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。?????? 英语五种基本句型列式如下：??? 基本句型一：? Ｓ+Ｖ?????????? （主＋谓）??? 基本句型二：? Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ????? （主＋谓＋表）??? 基本句型三：? Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ????? （主＋谓＋宾）??? 基本句型四：? Ｓ+Ｖ+ｏ+Ｏ? （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）??? 基本句型五：? Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ? （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）??????基本句型? 一????? 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 ?Ｓ+Ｖ? （不及物动词）1. The sun??????????????????? │was shining.????????????? 2. The moon??????????????? │rose.??????????? 3. The universe?????????? │remains.?????????? 4. We all???????????????????? │breathe, eat, and drink.???? 5. Lucy and Mary??? │get up early every morning.6. What he said?????????? │does not matter.?????? 7. They??????????????????????? │had talked?? for half an hour when I came in.8. His parents??????????? │have worked in the factory for more than ten years.?基本句型? 二????? 系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。?Ｓ+Ｖ（是系动词）+ Ｐ? 1. This???????? │is???????????? │an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner?? │smells???????? │good.???????????????????????? 3. He?????????? │fell?????????? │in love.????????????????????? 4. Everything?? │looks????????? │different.??????????????????? 5. He?????????? │is growing??? │tall and strong.????????????? 6. The trouble? │is???????????? │that they are short of money. 7. Our well???? │has gone?????? │dry.????????????????????????? 8. His face???? │turned???????? │red.????????????????????????? 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： 　　He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） 　　 He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词