反倾销反补贴保障和特殊情况处理等（中英文对照）.docVIP

反倾销、反补贴、保障和特殊情况处理等（中英文对照） Anti-dumping, Subsidies, Safeguards,Contingencies, etc 反倾销、反补贴、保障和特殊情况处理等 英文来源：/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm8_e.htm Binding tariffs, and applying them equally to all trading partners (most-favoured-nation treatment, or MFN) are key to the smooth flow of trade in goods. 约束关税及将其在全体贸易成员国之间平等地适用（即最惠国待遇，简称MFN）是保证商品交易过程畅通的关键。 The WTO agreementsuphold the principles, but they also allow exceptions — in some circumstances. Three of these issues are: 世贸协议秉持着这些原则，但有时也有例外。例如以下三种情况： actions taken against dumping (selling at an unfairly low price) 反倾销（以不公平的低价出售商品的行为）措施； subsidies and special “countervailing” duties to offset the subsidies 贸易补贴以及为抵消贸易补贴而征收的“反补贴”关税； emergency measures to limit imports temporarily, designed to “safeguard” domestic industries. ? 为暂时限制进口以“保护”国内产业而采取的紧急应对措施。 ? Anti-dumping actions 反倾销措施 If a company exports a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges on its own home market, it is said to be “dumping” the product. 如果某一公司以低于其在国内市场正常出售的价格出口某一产品，我们就称其“倾销”该产品。 Is this unfair competition? Opinions differ, but many governments take action against dumping in order to defend their domestic industries. 这是否为不公平竞争？各人意见不同。然而很多成员国政府采取措施抵制倾销以保护他们的国内产业。 The WTO agreement does not pass judgment. 世贸组织的协议并未给出明确的判断。 Its focus is on how governments can or cannot react to dumping — it disciplines anti-dumping actions, and it is often called the “Anti-Dumping Agreement”. (This focus only on the reaction to dumping contrasts with the approach of the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement.) 协议把重点放在了政府能否对倾销行为予以反击——它规范了反倾销的手段，并被通称为《反倾销协定》（此协定的重点在于对倾销行为的回击，与《补贴与反补贴措施协定》不同）。 The legal definitions are more precise, but broadly speaking the WTO agreement allows governments to act against dumping where there is genuine (“material”) injury to the competing domestic industry. 正规的定义要更为精确一些，但大体来说世贸组织协定允许各成员国政府在本国国内竞争产业受到真正（实质性物质层面）损害时采取措施反对倾销。 In order to do that the government has to be able to show that dumping is ta