VI 胚层发育与官系统发生(II).pptVIP

Developmental Biology Chapter 6: Organogenesis – development of the vertebrate limb Sonic hedgehog forms a morphogen gradient that specifies pattern along the limb’s anterior-posterior axis * * The embryonic chick wing The vertebrate limb development is a particularly good system in which to study pattern formation during organogenesis (I) The vertebrate limb is a complex organ with three developmental axes: the proximo-distal axis running from the base of the limb to the tip, the antero-posterior axis running parallel with the body AP axis, and the dorso-ventral axis running from the back of the hand to the palm. Thus, the limb development is a particularly good system in which to study pattern formation Since the limbs, unlike heart or brain, are not essential for embryonic life, one can experimentally remove or transplant parts of the developing limb, or create limb-specific mutants without interfering with the vital processes of the organism. This is good advantage of studying pattern formation in organogenesis The vertebrate limb development is a particularly good system in which to study pattern formation during organogenesis (II) The limb is a good model for studying cellular interactions within a structure containing a large number of cells, and for elucidating the role of intercellular signaling in development. Recently, particular signal proteins have been identified to function in patterning along each of three limb axes: FGF family in Pr-D axial patterning Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein in A-P axial patterning Wnt7a in D-V axial patterning The vertebrate limb develops from a limb bud 3 The limb development 3.1 Specification and formation of the limb bud 3.2 The limb outgrowth and generation of the proximal-distal axis 3.3 The anterior-posterior axial patterning 3.4 Patterning the dorsal-ventral axis 3.5 Coordinating the three axes 3.6 Development of the digits Development of the vertebrate limb 3 The limb development 3.1 Specifi