语态的变换.DOCVIP

PAGE PAGE 5 第二节 语态的变换 一、汉语被动句的英译 汉语的被动句子，从结构上来说，大体可分为两类：一类带有表达被动意义的标记；另一类则不带这种标记。 (一) 带有被动标记的汉语被动句 “被”，“受”、“遭”、“给”“挨”、“叫”，“让” “为……所”，“被……所”， “加以”，“予以” 1). 他被选为学生会主席。 He was elected Chairman of the Students Union． 2） 办公大楼为松树所环绕。 The office building is surrounded by pine trees． 3） 这个问题必须在适当的时候以适当的方式予以处理。 The problem must be dealt with by appropriate means at an appropriate time． 4） 该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查。 The plan will be examined by a special committee． “老太太被风吹病了。” *The old lady was blown sick by the wind． The old lady was ill because of the draught． (二) 不带被动标记的汉语被动句 动作执行者并未出现．这种句子结构上为主动句，而含义上是被动句。 1). 这座桥将在今年年底建成。 The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year． 2). 有些问题还需要澄清。 Certain questions have yet to be clarified． 3). 这个问题正在研究。 The problem is now being studied． 二、汉语主动句的英译问题 汉语多采用主动语态，但在英译时有时改用被动语态。语态的变换有多种原因，主要是：(一) 为了强调接受动作的人或事物的重要性 中美已经建立了外交关系。 Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America． (二)为了加强上下文的连贯性 他出现在台上，观众给予热烈鼓掌。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience． (三) 为了使措词得当，语气委婉 讲话、通知、请帖等。例如： 1). 请你给我们表演一个节目。 You are requested to give a performance. 2). 请全系教师和干部于星期三下午二时在会议室集合，听报告。 All teachers and cadres of the Department are requested to meet in the conference room at 2:00 p.m. on Wednesday to hear a speech． 3). 来宾请出示入场券。 Visitors are requested to show their tickets． 三、关于汉语的一些习惯用语的译法 1). 人们 (有人，大家) 认为 It is considered (or thought) that... 2). 普遍 (一般，通常) 认为 It is generally (usually) accepted (or, agreed, recognized) that... 3). 有人 (人们，大家) 相信 It is believed that... 4). 大家知道 (众所周知) It is well-known that... 5). 据说 (有人说) It is said that... 6). 据闻 (悉) It is learned that... 7). 据推测 It is supposed that... 8). 据估计 (预计) It is estimated (predicted，calculated) that... 9). 据报导 (告) It is reported that... 10). 必须指出 It must be pointed out that... 11). 必须 (应该) 承认 It must (should) be admitted that... 12). 可见 (可以看出) It will be seen that... 13) 由此可见 It