制药工程 专业英语 Unit 25教学文稿.pptVIP

The professional English of pharmaceutical engineering Wang Xinliang East China University of Science and Technology 但目前所使用的药物很少是完全按照这种方法被发现出来。胆碱酯酶抑制剂解毒剂——吡啶肟甲基碘化物，抗胃溃疡药——西咪替丁，以及对抗白血病有活性的一些抗代谢药都是这样的例子。 Few drugs in use today were discovered entirely in this way. The cholinesterase inhibitor antidote pyridine aldoxime methiodide, the antiulcer drug Cimetidine, and some antimetabolites active against leukemias are examples. 这种方法的主要难点在于：可得的且非常复杂的预测药物作用机制的方法既不能预测其毒性和副作用，也无法有助于预料在体内药物的传输特性和代谢途径。当然，在体外产生成功治疗疗效的药物或药剂学上的细胞效应，这些都同样重要。 One of the principal difficulties in this approach is that the available ——and very sophisticated——methods for predicting drug action cannot foretell toxicity and side effects, nor do they help in anticipating the transport characteristics or metabolic fate of the drug in vivo. These are, of course, as important in producing a therapeutically successful drug in vitro or cellular effect of the pharmacy. 由于对一种疾病(有关)的生物学或生物化学(方面的知识)基本上无知，我们最好的努力也常常遭受挫折；于是，我们就倾向于刘易斯·托马斯在他的系列精辟文章之一中，所称谓的“不彻底的技术”，即由于不能理解疾病的基本致病因素所采用的复杂而昂贵的疾病治疗方法。 Very often our best efforts are frustrated by basic ignorance of the biology or biochemistry underlying a disease, and we are reduced to what Lewis Thomas, in one of his incisive essays, calls “halfway technology” in reference to the complex and costly management of diseases whose basic causes are not understood. 而与大多数细菌性传染疾病以及甚至像脊髓灰质炎类某些病毒性疾病的治疗方案的简单性形成鲜明对照的是，对风湿性关节炎、大多数恶性肿瘤和全部精神类疾病的治疗都可归为此类。 The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, most malignant tumors, and all mental diseases falls into this category, and contrasts glaringly with the simplicity of dealing with most infectious diseases of bacterial origin and even some viral diseases like poliomyelitis. 虽然一些临床药用化学家和分子药物学家一直带着一些谦虚态度和难以隐忍的急躁情绪努力从事合理的药物设计，但缓慢却有前途的发展仍不断带来希望：在该领域的进展比将生物和物理化学运用到人类和动物病理学（所取得的进展）快得多。计算机辅助三维药物设计的蓬勃发展有希望产生真正合理药物设计的纪元（时代）。 Although some practicing medicinal chemists and molecular pharmacolo