位半积分式直流数字电压表硬件设计与制作.doc

PAGE PAGE 6 毕业教学环节成果正文 题 目4位半积分式直流数字电压表硬件设计与制作 学 院 信息工程学院 专 业 应用电子技术 班级学号 指导教师 2008年 5月 10日 PAGE ii 4位半积分式直流数字电压表硬件设计与制作 摘 要 A/D转换环节直接影响仪表的测量精度和分辫率，本文通过直流电压表的硬件电路及软件的设计，给出了以STC89C51单片机为核心、以分立元件制作的双积分型A/D转换器为主要部件的4位半积分式直流数字电压表的设计方案。本系统以模拟电路为主，由电源电路、电压采集电路、量程转换电路、积分比较电路、开关控制电路、单片机系统、显示电路等电路组成。单片机系统通过片内定时器对待测电压信号进行转化，转换成数字量后输出显示；双积分型A/D转换器是一个以积分器为核心的电路，其工作原理是借助积分器的两次积分过程，将被测电压变换为与其平均值成正比的时间间隔，然后由单片机计算成电压值并显示。经多组电压值的测量，测量误差：≤±0.03%±3个字，精度达到4位半。实现了自动校零和自动量程切换功能，有很好的实际应用价值。 关键词：STC89C51，双积分型A/D转换器，4位半，自动量程切换 Design of four and a half bits integral digital DC voltage meter ABSTRACT A/D converter directly affects the accuracy and sub-braided rate of the measure instruments. This article gives a design proposal of direct-current voltmeters hardware circuit and softwares, by taken the STC89C51 monolithic integrated circuit as the core, double integral A/D switch of the discrete component as major components, four and a half integral digit current voltmeter as design. This system analogous circuit primarily, coordinates the power circuit, the Signal voltage gathering electric circuit, the measuring range transformation electric circuit, the integral comparison and returns to the null circuit, the stop-go control electric circuit, the monolithic integrated circuit system, the display circuit automatically. The monolithic integrated circuit system is carries on the transformation to the testing voltage signal, after transforming the digital quantity, outputs the demonstration; The double integral A/D switch is one take the integrator as the core electric circuit, its principle of work draws support from integrators repeated integrals process, will be measured that the voltage transformation for the time-gap which is proportional with its mean value, then calculates the demonstration based on the monolithic integrated circuit the voltage value. After many group of voltage value surv