英语语法：替代教学教材.ppt

替 代;1. Ａ 替代词one/ ones的用法;2）替代词one/ ones和它们所替代的名词词组中心词的“数”可以不一致。例如： I prefer the big bottle to the small ones. Compare the new edition with the old ones. 3）替代词one/ ones和它们所替代的名词词组中心词在句法功能上也可能不一致。例如： Do you see those gentlemen over there? The one with grey hair is my father. A: If only I could remember where it was that I saw someone putting away the box with those candles in, I could finish the decorations now. B: You mean the little colored ones. 在上述第一例中，被替代的gentlemen在句中作宾语，而替代词one在句中作主语。在第二例中，被替代在句中作介词宾语，而替代词ones则是动词宾语。;4）替代词one/ ones一般带有修饰语，它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象，这是替代词one/ ones用法上一个重要特征。例如： I don’t like this book. I’d like a more interesting one. I’d like to have some big apples instead of small ones. 在上述第一例中，one虽然等于book，但“这本书”和“更有趣味的书”显然不是同一对象：同样地，第二例中的ones虽然等于apples，但“小苹果”和“大苹果”所指也并非一物。其所以所指对象不同是因为替代词one/ ones通常带有表示对比含义的修饰语。 替代词one/ ones所带的修饰语可以前置，也可以后置。前置修饰语一般是限定词和形容词，通常带有重音，表示对比含义。例如：; I prefer an old coat to a new one. The new building was a four-story one. 当替代词one/ ones带有后置修饰语时，它们前面总有定冠词，这种后置修饰语可以是形容词词组或者非限定分句。例如： Compare this picture with the one painted by your brother. 也可以是副词、介词词组或关系分句。例如： This room and the one upstairs are well furnished. I’ll read this book as soon as I finish the one I’m reading.; 带后置修饰语的替代词one/ ones也常见于比较分句中。例如： Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before. I like this picture better than the one you showed me yesterday. 替代词one/ ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this, which，序数词等之后可以省略。例如： I want the fifth volume, not the fourth (one). If I miss the 9:15 train, I’ll catch the next (one). The second chapter is much longer than the first (one).; 替代词one/ ones通常不用在名词属格之后，也不用在形容词性物主代词+ own之后。例如可以说： This is my house and that’s Peter’s. 不可以说： *This is my house and that’s Peter’s one. 可以说： I don’t like to live long in a foreign country; I want to go back to my own 不可以说： *I don’t like to live long in a foreign country; I want to go back to my own one.;