心血管调节17.pptVIP

* (四) 压力感受性反射功能曲线 resetting(压力感受性反射的 重调定)指慢性高血压患者 or实验性高血压动物中压力 感受性反射功能曲线向右移 位, 此现象称为. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? Baroreceptor Reflex Fig 2 Figure 2: Arterial mechanoreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch. The nerve fibers from the carotid sinus form the sinus nerve, which joins the vagus and sympathetic to form the vagosympathetic trunk. The afferent fibers from the receptors are myelinated (----------) and unmyelinated (--------------). The nerves terminate in the solitary tract nucleus. Changes in the activity of those mechanoreceptors caused by alterations in the arterial blood pressure result in appropriate adjustments in the vagal and sympathetic outflow to the heart, and the sympathetic outflow to the resistance and capacitance vessels. These adjustments buffer changes in the arterial blood pressure. NE = norepinephrine. Ach = acetylcholine. SA = sinus node. AV = atrioventricular node.(Redrawn from Shepherd and Vanhoutte. The Human Cardiovascular System Facts and Concepts. Raven Press, 1979.) FIGURE 1  FIGURE 5 Figure 5: Hemodynamic effects of a decrease in activity of the mechanoreceptors in the carotid sinus, aortic arch, and cardiopulmonary region. The continuous inhibition of the solitary tract nucleus in the medulla of the brain is lessened, and there is increases sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels and decreased vagal activity to the heart. The constriction of the systemic vascular beds results in an increase in total systemic vascular resistance. The cardiac output is maintained by the increased rate and contractility, and maintenance of its filling pressure by the reflex constriction of the systemic veins. The coronary flow is increased bt the increased products of metabolism of the myocardial cells and by activation of beta-receptors. The systolic and diastolic pressures are increased so an adequate perfusion pressure to the brain and coronary vessels is sustained. If the decreased pres