大气污染跟控制工程考试复习整理.docVIP

大气复习资料 概念解释 Globe warming: Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans since the mid-twentieth century, and its projected continuation. VOCs: Volatile organic compounds are those organic liquids or solids whose room temperature vapor pressure are greater than about 0.01 psia(=0.0007atm) and whose atmospheric boiling points are up to about 500℉, which means most organic compounds with less than 12 carbon atoms. Wet scrubber: A device that collects particles by contacting the dirty gas stream with liquid drops. OR A device removes particulates from a gas steam by bringing the particles into contact with a liquid. The particles attach to the liquid and can be removed in a slurry solution. Temperature inversions: It is a phenomenon that the temperature increases with the height increasing. That stability also lessens the exchange of wind energy between the air layer near the ground and high altitude winds. OR A temperature inversions is a thin layer of the atmosphere where the decrease in temperature with height is much less than normal. ESP: Electrostatic precipitator, which is like a gravity setter or centrifugal separator, but electrostatic force drives the particles to the wall. And it is effective on small particles below about 5μm in diameter. SNCR: short of “selective non-catalyst reduction”. It is the process that involves injecting either ammonia or urea into the firebox of the boiler at a location where the flue gas is 760 -1100℃ (1,400 and 2,000 °F) to react with the nitrogen oxides. The resulting product of the chemical redox reaction is elemental nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). SCR: short of “selective catalyst reduction”. It is a means of converting nitrogen oxides (NOx), also referred to as NOx with the aid of a catalyst into diatomic nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O), under the condition of 320-400℃（600-750℉） 6NO+4NH3→5N2+6H2O, 4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O, 2NO2+4NH3→3N2+6H2O.