医学课件TheCentralNervousSystem.ppt

The Central Nervous System Meninges 1. Definition: Protective membranes between bone and nervous system soft tissues 2. Made of 3 layers ?a. Dura mater (tough mother) ? -outermost layer ?b. Arachnoid mater (spider mother) ? -middle layer ?c. Pia mater (delicate mother) ?-inner layer Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Definition: a clear watery liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain. Spinal cord 1. Anatomy: ?a. bundle of neurons, about 17 in length b. made of 2 types of tissue ? 1) gray matter- made of nerve cell bodies, ? neuroglial cells and blood vessels ? 2) white matter- made of axons ?c. consists of 31 segments- ? each segment gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves Draw the location of the nerve cell bodies and axons. 2. Physiology ? a. conducts nerve impulses ? b. serves as a center for spinal reflexes Structures of a vertebra Structures of the CNS The Brain DEFINITION: The part of the CNS located within the skull composed of 100 billion neurons and even more glia cells weighs 3 pounds FUNCTION primary receiver, organizer and distributor of information for the body Can you put this in your own words? Spinal cord Brain stem:Responsible for basic life functions such as Breathing Heartbeat Blood pressure Scientists say that this is the simplest part of human brains because a reptile’s (who appear early on the evolutionary scale) entire brain resembles our brain stem. Spinal cord 2 1 Thalamus -interprets all senses except smell -synapses for voluntary movement Hypothalamus -controls the autonomic nervous system -coordinates the nervous and endocrine systems  3 Cerebrum (7/8 of human brain) Associated with higher brain functions such as thought and action. Divided into 4 lobes How do we know what each part of the cerebrum does? MRI Surgery The surface of the cerebrum is highly folded. Ridges = gyri Grooves = sulci Deep grooves= fissures What is the purpose of all t