材料科学跟工程基础作业节评-6.pptVIP

7.22 Cite the primary differences between elastic, anelastic, and plastic deformation behaviors. 分别从概念、原子论角度、施加应力后的应变、材料的差别（或对应的材料）等几个方面阐述。 8.18 Describe in your own words the three strengthening mechanisms discussed in this chapter (i.e., grain size reduction, solid solution strengthening, and strain hardening). Be sure to explain how dislocations are involved in each of the strengthening techniques. Grain size reduction: 晶粒尺寸减少，位错时滑移减少方向的改变；原子位置不连续减少。 Solid solution strengthening：加入不同种的原子相成形成固溶体或合金，这些加入的原子限制位错移动。 Strain hardening：先施加应力产生位错。而位错之间的作用是排斥的，结果是存在的一个位错限制另一位错的移动。 * * 第九次作业中文 4-1： 铝的弹性模量为70GPa,泊松比为0.34，在83MPa的静水压时，此单位晶胞的体积是多少？ 　　由E=3K(1-2ν) 　　得 K=E/[3(1-2ν)] 　　=70Gpa/[3(1-2*0.34)]=72.9Gpa 　 △V/V=σ/K=83Mpa/72.9GPa=1.14‰ 　 V=4.04963*10-30*(1-1.14‰)=66.3?10-30 (m3) 4-3　直径为12.83mm的试棒，标距长度为50mm，轴向受200kN的作用力后拉长0.456mm，且直径变成12.79mm， (a) 此试棒的体积模量是多少？ (b) 剪切模量是多少？ 解：σ=F/S=F/(πd2/4)=1.56GPa ε=ΔL/L=0.456/50=0.912% 正弹性模量：E=σ/ε=1.56Gpa/0.912%=172.9Gpa 泊松比：ν=-eY/eX =[-(12.79-12.83)/12.83]/0.912%=0.342 (a) 体积模量：K= E/[3(1-2ν)]=172.9/[3(1-2*0.342)] =182Gpa (b) 剪切模量： G=E/(2(1+ν))=172.9/[2*(1+0.342)]=64Gpa 英文书 7.20 A cylindrical metal specimen 15.0mm in diameter and 150mm long is to be subjected to a tensile stress of 50 Mpa; at this stress level the resulting deformation will be totally elastic. (a)?If the elongation must be less than 0.072mm, which of the metals in Table7.1 are suitable candidates? Why ? ?= ?l / l0=0.072mm/150mm=0.00048 ? =E ?，E=?/? =50MPa/0.00048=104GPa 要使?l 0.072mm, 则E 104MPa, 因此 in Table7.1, the metals of Tungsten, steel, nickel, titanium and copper are suitable candidates. (b) If, in addition, the maximum permissible diameter decrease is 2.3×10-3 mm,which of the metals in Table 7.1 may be used ? Why? ? y= ?d /d0=0.0023mm/15mm=0.000153 v =-? y/? x=0.000153/ 0.00048=0.319 要使?d 0.0023mm, 则v 0.319, 因此 in Table7.1, the metals of Tungsten, steel and nic