Major tectonic processes illustrated with example：主要的构造过程举例说明.pptVIP

* Major tectonic processes illustrated with examples from the Geology of Norway Intro and overview of the Late Proterozoic to Permian tectonic evolution Baltica becomes a tectonic entity The margins of Baltica Early deformation along the Caledonian margin Ophiolites and island arcs Towards continental collision and the Scandian orogeny Late to post-orogenic tectonic processes Late Palaeozoic continental rifting Start of a new Wilson cycle * In the Middle Silurian, the Iapetus is rapidly closing, and deformation starts along the Caledonian margin of Baltica. The sketch profile from southern Norway shows where the origin of the main tectonic units is shown. Foreland molasse sedimentation starts in the late Wenlock showing that the topography was growing in the hinterland * INFORMATION FROM SEDIMENTATION AND DEFORMATION IN THE FORELAND NOTICE: FIRST INDICATION OF INCREASED SEDIMENT INFLUX IN THE WENLOCK DEFORMATION STARTS IN THE LATEST SILURIAN VOLCANIC ASH (BENTONITES) FROM LARGE CALC-ALKALINE ERUPTIONS ALONG THE TERMINAL ISLAND-ARCS IN THE CLOSING IAPETUS OCEAN * IN THE EARLY DEVONIAN THE NAPPE STACK IS ESTABLISHED EXTENSION COMMENCES AT HIGH STRUCTURAL LEVELS ACROSS THE BELT THE LOWER CRUST UNDERGOES HIGH-PRESSURE LOW-TEMPERATURE METAMORPHISM * Scandian phase of the Caledonian Orogeny: Closure of ocean; Continental collision and Establishment nappe-stack Top Uppermost Allochthon Exotic rocks (Laurentian?) Upper Allochthon Outboard, oceanic terranes Early-Caledonian def/met complexes Middle Allochthon Basement cored nappes of Baltic origin Early-Caledonian def./met. complexes Lower Allochthon Late-Proterozoic-Silurian cover Base Autochthon-Parauthocthon Baltic cover and basement * Approx pin-line Typical foreland deformation, major decollement on Mid. Camb - Lr Ord black “alun” shales. Most of the foreland strongly eroded, but preserved downfaulted in the Permian Oslo-rift From: Morley 1986 Example of balanced secti