美国瑞典及日本残疾人服务体系比较研究.pdfVIP

Observation and Viewpoints / 观察视界/ 美国 瑞典和日本残疾人服务体系比较研究 ■杨立雄 【摘要】 本文对美国、瑞典和日本三个国家的比较研究表明，残疾人服务都经历了从无到有、 水平从低到高、供应从国家垄断到国家与社会伙伴关系的发展过程 ；三个国家残疾人服务递送体系 相对完善，但要实现真正的“去障碍化社会”目标，又还有很长的路要走 ；三个国家都注重法治， 建立了残疾人服务在各级政府的协调方式和在各政府部门间的协作机构，但残疾人组织在服务递送 中的“利益代表”和“直接参与服务供应”功能又有各自特色。 【关键词】 残疾人服务 ；美国 ；瑞典 ；日本 A Comparative Study of Disability Services System in the United States, Sweden and Japan Yang Li-xiong 【 】 Abstract There are more than 80 million disabled in China. It is necessary for China to learn from developed countries for how to reform and improve further social services system for the disabled. This paper made a comparative study of three countries (the United States, Sweden and Japan). The result showed that their services for the disabled have experienced developing from nothing, from low level to high level, and from the state-monopoly provision to the state-society partnership; their service delivery achievements for the disabled are more advanced than developing countries, but still have a long way to realize the target of the de-obstacle society (especially for Japan). All of these countries emphasis rule by law, establish coordination at all levels of government and collaboration between various government departments for the disabled services. While due to different socio-cultural characteristics and the welfare state model, functions of organizations of persons with disabilities differ from each other in terms of interest represent and direct service delivery. 【 】Disability services; the United States; Sweden; Japan Key words 引言 美国残疾人服务的发展过程可以划分为四个阶 本文主要考察美国、瑞典和日本三个国家在残 段 [1] 。 疾人组织与服务递送方面的相关经验。服务递送，是 1.1.1 道德模型阶段（殖民地时期到建国初期）。 指将残疾人服务产品传递到残疾人及其家庭的过程 ； 在这一阶段，美国人在文化上受到清教徒观念的影 服务递