限制家畜生产的营养物质-powerpointprese.pptVIP

限制家畜生产的营养物质The First Limiting Nutrient Purpose Know the importance/money of good nutrition know what good nutrition means know the functions of the components of nutrition what limits production how nutrition and health are related Signs of deficiencies Get more milk out of less cows 奶牛饲养导论 Introduction to Dairy Feeding Feed makes up 5 class of nutrients 1) Water 2) Energy 3) Protein 4) Minerals 5) Vitamins These nutrients essential for Maintenance Growth Production Reproduction Immunity disease resistance 饲料是由5种营养物组成 1) 水 2) 能量 3) 蛋白质 4) 矿物质 5) 维生素 这些营养物对家畜的作用: 维持正常功能 生长发育 生产 繁殖 增强奶牛免疫和抗病能力 奶牛群体健康状况Cow Herd Health Animal nutrition immunity and resistance vaccination Environment shelter, crowding sanitation and bedding Infectious Agents virus, bacteria, fungus parasites 家畜 营养 免疫力和疾病抵抗力 接种疫苗 环境 棚圈,拥挤现象 卫生及躺卧条件 疾病感染源 病毒,细菌,真菌 寄生虫 限制家畜生产的营养物质First Limiting Nutrient Function of nutrients body Maintenance and repair (immunity) growth reproduction production (milk) 营养物质的作用 影响家畜维持生命及自我修复功能（免疫力） 影响家畜的生长发育 影响家畜的繁殖能力 影响家畜生产力（产奶量） 限制家畜生产的营养物质First Limiting Nutrient 限制家畜生产的营养物质First Limiting Nutrient Most IMPORTANT nutrient? The one that is deficient! Production is limited by the nutrient that is the first deficient! 限制家畜生产的营养物质First Limiting Nutrient 限制家畜生产的营养物质First Limiting Nutrient Water cows need about 4 L : 1 L milk or up to 170 L/day poor quality water can result in low intake and interference with mineral absorption 水分 奶牛对水的需求量与产奶量的比例为4：1(升)或一天的需求量为170升 劣质水减少家畜采食量并影响对矿物质的吸收 限制家畜生产的营养物质First Limiting Nutrient Minerals body contains large amounts of mineral elements at least 14 are considered essential divided into minerals needed in large amounts and those needed in very small amounts Calcium needed for tissue growth, bone development and reproduction shortage causes poor production and growth, stiffness, lameness, rickets and weak and stillborn calves 矿物质 家畜体内含有大量的矿质元素 至少有14种矿质元素是必要元素 矿质元素可分为大量