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4.3.5 Miscible Recovery Processes Washing one’s hands with detergent after an oil change will get the worst of it off, but a little gasoline (while not recommended) will clean up every trace of oil. That’s the difference between surfactants and miscible displacement. Miscibility means that the interface between the displacing and displaced fluids disappears, so that the oil is dissolved, and the result is 100 displacement efficiency. * Miscible Hydrocarbon Displacement: There are three different miscible hydrocarbon displacement processes: the miscible slug process, the enriched gas process, and the high-pressure lean gas process. In the miscible slug process, a propane slug of perhaps 9 of the reservoir pore volume is injected, followed by natural gas, or gas and water, to drive the solvent through the reservoir. In the enriched gas process, a slug of hydrocarbon gas with large amounts of C.-Cg components is injected in place of the propane slug. * Carbon Dioxide Flooding: Carbon dioxide is soluble in both oil and water, and can be miscible with oil, making it a candidate for use in miscible floods. Miscibility of carbon dioxide and oil is pressure dependent, however, and not all carbon dioxide floods are miscible processes. In addition to miscibility, other factors that allow carbon dioxide to improve oil recovery include: * ? reduction of crude oil viscosity ? swelling of the crude oil ? increased injectivity ? solution-gas drive effects Carbon dioxide flooding can be applied in a variety of ways: ? continuous injection of carbon dioxide; ? carbon dioxide injection followed by a less expensive gas; ? carbon dioxide injection followed by water; and * Although carbon dioxide is not immediately miscible with crude oil, under the right conditions of temperature and pressure, the carbon dioxide will extract components from the oil in a manner similar to that mentioned earlier for lean gas displacement. This mixture forms a misci