赞美胖子.pptVIP

Polite Principle  2012124501 邓燕妮 Content General introduction Leech’s approach to politeness Application in life General introduction Leech’s PP（里奇：礼貌原则） Leech’s approach to politeness Politeness in communication requires people to adopt strategies of (a) maximizing “ polite beliefs” ; (b) minimizing “ impolite beliefs.” Leech: MAXIMS OF POLITENESS (i) ???The Tact maxim (策略准则, 得体准则) (a) Minimize the cost to others; 使他人受损最小 (b) maximize the benefit to others; 使他人受惠最大 (ii) ?? The Generosity maxim(宽宏准则，慷慨准则) (a) ?Minimize the benefit to self; 使自身受益最小 (b) maximize the cost to self; 使自身受损最大 MAXIMS OF POLITENESS (iii) The Approbation ( or flattery) maxim 赞扬准则 (a) Minimize dispraise of others; 尽量缩小对他人的贬损 (b) Maximize praise of others. 尽量夸大对他人的赞扬 (iv) The Modesty Maxim 谦虚准则 (a) Minimize praise of self; 尽量缩小对自身的赞扬 (b) Maximize dispraise of self. 尽量夸大对他人的赞扬 MAXIMS OF POLITENESS (v) The Agreement Maxim 赞同准则， 一致准则 (a) ??Minimize disagreement between self and others; 尽力缩小自身同他人之间的分歧 (b) ? maximize agreement between self and others; 尽力夸大自身和他人之间的一致 (vi) The Sympathy Maxim 同情准则 (a) ?? Minimize antipathy between self and others; 尽力缩小自身对他人的厌恶 (b) ? Maximize sympathy between self and others. 尽力夸大自身对他人的同情 Leech礼貌原则的六个次准则（从“惠”和“损”的角度） Application in life 1. polite refusal A: Let’s go to the movies tonight. B: I have to study for an exam. 2. Indirect criticism A: How do you like my painting? B: I don’t have eye for beauty, I’m afraid. 3. polite request or order A (a passer-by with a heavy bag): My bag is heavy. 这个陈述句的言外之意是请求B帮忙,但A又没有直说,那么即使B拒绝了请求或是装作不明白A的意思,A也不会感到很尴尬,很丢面子。 冬天来了，长胖还会远吗？ HOW to inform a female politely that she is putting on weight? A: 你又长胖了！ B: 滚！！ 轻微的赞美 Tubby 小水桶 Roly-poly 卷布丁 Chubby可爱，婴儿肥 Dumpy 矮墩墩 Jelly-bellied 果冻肚子 Meaty 多肉的 礼貌的赞美 plump 好丰