DiagnosticToolsinCancerDetectionandTre-检测和治疗-.PPTVIP

Diagnostic Tools in CancerDetection and Treatment(肿瘤的鉴定手段- 检测和治疗-) Tommy Fornander Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS (鉴定手段) Serum markers (肿瘤标志物) X-RAY (X-光) ULTRASOUND (B-超) CT (肿瘤细胞电脑图) MRI (赫磁共振) SCINTIGRAPHY (同位素示踪成像) X-RAY (X-光) + Simple technique (简单) + Cheap (30-50$) (便宜， 30-50 美元) + Fast (快) + Easy data storage (数据容易保存) - Limitations in sensitivity (灵敏度有限) - No qualitative information (不可能定量) ULTRASOUND (B-超) + Dynamic (动力学) + Qualitative information (定量) + Guidance for biopsy (作为活检的指导) + Rapid development (迅速) - Time consuming (manual) (花费时间) - Low reproducability (低重复性) - Data difficult to store (数据保存困难) Computed Tomography (CT)(肿瘤细胞电脑图) + Sensitive (灵敏度高) + Good for most organs (适用于大部分器官) + Reproducable (可重复性) - Expensive (400$) (费用高) - High radiation dose (高的辐射剂量) Magnetic Resonance (MRI) (赫磁共振) + Sensitive (高灵敏度) + Good for most organs including CNS (适用于几乎所有器官，包括中央神经系统 + Reproducable (可重复性) + Qualitative information (T1-T2) (对肿瘤的T1-T2 进行定量) + No radiation (无辐射) - Expensive (500$) (费用极高， 500 美元) Scintigraphy (同位素示踪成像) + Sensitive (灵敏度高) + Cheap (便宜) + Reproducable (可重复性) - Only quantitative information (仅仅是定量情况) - Good only for certain organs (仅仅是适用于特有的器官) Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)(微针吸取) + Accurate (精确) + Cheap (便宜) + Atraumatic (病人不痛苦) + No risk for tumor spread (不会引起肿瘤转移) - Long training (长的 - No tumor grading (不知道肿瘤分级) - No information about invasion (不知道肿瘤的侵润度) Core Needle Biopsy (针刺活检) + Histologic diagnosis (组织学鉴定) + Grading possible (组织分级的可能性) + Material for future analysis (进一步分析) - Guidance necessary (不可能给与必要的忠告) - Traumatic ((病人痛苦) - Risk of bleeding (不知道肿瘤的恶性情况) - Not all sites accessible (不可能检测全部的肿瘤) - Risk for tumor spread (不知道肿瘤转移的可能) Surgical Biopsy (外科手术样品) + Histologic diagnosis (组织学鉴定) + Grading easy (容易作病理分级) + Material for future analysis (材料可保存作进一步分析) - Traumatic (病人痛苦) - Expensive (分析费用高) - Require hospital resources (要求住院病人提供) - Risk for