名人演讲：西奥多罗斯福《耙粪记者》.docVIP

名人演讲：西奥多罗斯福《耙粪记者》 　　演讲者简介：西奥多·罗斯福(英文：Theodore Roosevelt，又译狄奥多·罗斯福，人称老罗斯福，昵称泰迪(Teddy)，1858年10月27日-1919年1月6日)，美国军事家、政治家，第26任总统。 　　关于耙粪记者的相关背景介绍： 　　所谓“耙粪记者/耙粪运动”(muckraker)，也称黑幕揭发记者/运动，是指美国19世纪末20世纪初掀起的一股新闻报道浪潮，一些记者和报刊致力于深入调查报道黑幕，揭发丑闻，对社会阴暗面进行揭示。其名称源于西奥多·罗斯福总统的一次演讲。此演讲中，罗斯福将20世纪初一批致力于揭丑、暴露、煽情等报道的记者，比作英国作家约翰·班扬小说《天路历程》中的一个反派人物，他从不仰望天空，只是手拿粪耙，埋头打扫地上的秽物。但是被批评的揭丑记者却不以为然，反而欣然接受这个称号。后来，人们便将这种新闻及报道这些新闻的记者和报刊称为耙粪运动、耙粪记者、耙粪报刊等，就如同人们将赫斯特报刊的煽情报道成为黄色新闻一样。 　　Over a century ago Washington laid the corner stone of the Capitol in what was then little more than a tract of wooded wilderness here beside the Potomac. We now find it necessary to provide by great additional buildings for the business of the government. 　　This growth in the need for the housing of the government is but a proof and example of the way in which the nation has grown and the sphere of action of the national government has grown. We now administer the affairs of a nation in which the extraordinary growth of population has been outstripped by the growth of wealth in complex interests. The material problems that face us today are not such as they were in Washington’s time, but the underlying facts of human nature are the same now as they were then. Under altered external form we war with the same tendencies toward evil that were evident in Washington’s time, and are helped by the same tendencies for good. It is about some of these that I wish to say a word today. 　　In Bunyan’s “Pilgrim’s Progress” you may recall the description of the Man with the Muck Rake, the man who could look no way but downward, with the muck rake in his hand; who was offered a celestial crown for his muck rake, but who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was offered, but continued to rake to himself the filth of the floor. 　　In “Pilgrim’s Progress” the Man with the Muck Rake is set forth as the example of him whose vision is fixed on carnal instead of spiritual things. Yet he also typifies the man who in this life consistently refus