地质环境与隧道工程的安全(卢耀如）(.pptx

地质环境与隧道工程的安全;地质环境与地下工程的关系;主要内容;一、中国隧道（隧洞）;History and;Before 3600 years, the tunnel;Ancient tunnel system for mining;中国具有五千多年的文明历史，对;井巷结构示意图;中国古代地下隧道的开挖还用于帝王陵墓的;In ancient China, the;In present, the multi-;Urban ground;连; In long and deep tunnels, the most;二、主要几种地质环境对;在长、大、深埋的隧道（隧洞） 建设中，遇到的地质环境问题是 多方面的;1．SAND AND GRAVEL;1．砂卵石层地基;砂性基岩的稳定问题;砂卵石层为渗流的动水 压力冲刷管涌的分析;It is needed to;三相流;φ0;For the un-compressed water and rockmasses:;ρo;＝;产生气爆地震类型时，需要使;j=1;地 下 水 等 水 位 线 图;砂卵石层对隧道工程的危害主要有：;The hydrodynamic conditions;For the higher dynamic;湍急河道下砂卵石层对隧道安全分析图;对厚的砂层进行隧道明挖时，需要考虑三 个问题：;For the sand formation to be digging, the harmful phenomena will appear in three ways:;2. The ground water table will contain;砂层对隧道（深基坑）产生灾变危害分析图;Analysis of the sand formation to harm;A - collapse zone of tunnel roof;2．软土地基;For the higher watery; A tunnel under the lake in soft clay formation, owing to the stones about 20 cm to;Shield tunneling;软土基础的;The larger stone in soft soil to;在滨海相、湖相古地质环境中：;在这种土层中修建隧道，需要考虑的工程 地质问题有：;上海地区软土层中存在甲烷气的;对于软土，当隧道长度不长时，利用盾构易于 穿越;For the feature of soft clay;软土层掘进隧道产生蠕变凹槽诱发溃水灾害分析图; Other ways, the tunnel in soft clay bed, the uneven land subsidence in a very important problems, which may cause the harm to the tunnels.;软土基础的不均匀沉降;Uneven land subsidence in soft clay; For the long tunnels under the sea water, the activity of fault, earthquake, are also needed to study.;海底盾构诱发海水入侵机理分析;For the long tunnels;3．碳酸盐岩地层; Resulted by the five pairs of special feactures related to karst water:;1. The isolated and semi-;Karst water flow under a unified ground water table often converter into;2. The aquiferous and non-aquiferous rock;Thus occur the following conditions; 1) non-aquiferous body with no cave development;;3. The confined and;whereas the filling of the;4. The laminar flow and;The average coefficient of permeability of the karst aquiferous body in large;5. The homogeneous;A;在可溶的碳酸盐岩地层分布地;喀斯特水的五个对立统一的特性是：;A D;The most important;1.;在喀斯特化地层上，还存在着更明 显的三相流，即固体、液体和气体 三相物质混