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* Age of Discovery Europe Cartouche – ornate ornamental frames  were common surrounding the map body /mapsworld.html * Age of Discovery Europe North did not dominate as being placed at the top of the paper map until 1550 to 1600 1150-1500 1500-1550 1550-1600 37% oriented North 57% oriented North 94% oriented North 13% to East 5% to East 2% to East23% to West 5% to West 2% to West 26% to South 31% to South 2% to South * Earliest Printed Map in China- 1155 AD in Europe- 1450 AD The earliest printed map (1555) made in the South Song Dynasty showing east part of China in the modern history. (Beijing Library) * Age of Discovery Europe Thematic Maps (1800’s) Example: Poverty in London, 1898- 1999 Map created by Charles Booth http://booth.lse.ac.uk * Age of Discovery Early Survey in France The perceived shape of France before and after the 1693 survey by Picard and La Hire (revised coastline in bold). (from Dorling and Fairbairn, 1997) * Technology/ Information Age-1900’s to the Present  Changing Ideas Scientific understanding of the earth Geometry Measurements Technology Technology Mapping Techniques Manual Magnetic Mechanical Optical Photo-chemical Electronic Information Age Developing methods to collect and use data Access through computers Geographic Information Systems (GIS) * Technology/ Information Age- Impact of Changing Ideas Concept of representation Early maps: more figurative than literal Geometry Shape and size of the earth Locational reference system Reconciling conflicting information Church maps In the 1900’s to present, we understand: * Technology/ Information Age- Impact of Changing Ideas (Cont.) Science and measurement the concept of order: cause-effect relations chance (or probability) as basic investigati