2011-分子生物学-第六章节.pptVIP

Switches in transcriptional specificity can be controlled at initiation or termination. Each operator contains three repressor-binding sites, and overlaps with the promoter at which RNA polymerase binds. The orientation of OL has been reversed from usual to facilitate comparison with OR. 6.6.4 A second repressor is needed for lytic infection Two proteins that use the two-helix arrangement to contact DNA recognize lambda operators with affinities determined by the amino acid sequence of helix-3. The lytic cascade requires Cro protein, which directly prevents repressor maintenance via PRM, as well as turning off delayed early gene expression, indirectly preventing repressor establishment A cascade is needed to establish lysogeny, but then this circuit is switched off and replaced by the autogenous repressor-maintenance circuit. Summary: Phages have a lytic life cycle, in which infection of a host bacterium is followed by production of a large number of phage particles, lysis of the cell, and release of the viruses. Lytic infection falls typically into three phases. In the first phase a small number of phage genes are transcribed by the host RNA polymerase. In phage lambda, the genes are organized into groups whose expression is controlled by individual regulatory events. Each operator consists of three binding sites for repressor. The helix-turn-helix motif is used by other DNA-binding proteins, including lambda Cro, which binds to the same operators, but has a different affinity for the individual operator sites, determined by the sequence of helix-3. Establishment of repressor synthesis requires use of the promoter PRE, which is activated by the product of the cII gene. Episome： Immunity： Induction： Lysogeny： Lytic infection： Plasmid： Prophage： 噬菌体的策略 ? 一些噬菌体只有一种生存方式，在感染了一个易感宿主之后，它们破坏了宿主的功能而同时产生大量子代噬菌体颗粒。宿主细菌则由于裂解性感染而亡。在一个典型的裂解周期中，先是噬菌体 DNA （或RNA）进入宿主细菌，随后它的基