短波跳频信号频谱感知研究-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 认知无线电为解决短波通信中频谱资源匮乏的问题指出了新的途径，其中关键技 术之一是频谱感知技术。随着短波跳频通信技术得到越来越广泛的应用，如何在短波 信道中快速准确的实现对跳频主用户的感知，成为现阶段所面临的难题。 论文在对短波跳频通信及认知无线电频谱感知技术深入分析的基础上，根据宽带 分步检测的思想和认知无线电标准中的检测要求，设计出针对跳频信号的频谱感知方 法，并根据短波信道的特性对算法进行改进。 本文首先针对短波信道频移、频扩、衰落及多径的特点，在 MATLAB 环境下采 用 Watterson 模型对短波信道进行建模。然后，在快速检测中分析了能量检测在高斯 信道、瑞利信道及 Watterson 模型下的检测性能，并根据短波信道的特性，采用分集 技术对能量检测算法进行改进。通过仿真表明，在相同条件下，采用平方律能量检测 性能最优。 在特征检测中，考虑到短波信道下噪声的谱相关性已经严重影响了跳频信号频点 位置的估计，因此本文通过采用循环相关滤波器的方法对循环谱检测进行改进。由于 循环相关滤波器中保留了信号的频谱特性，通过加强信号相关性，从而减弱了噪声在 循环频率上对跳频信号的影响。在算法复杂度上，解决了传统循环谱检测中通过增加 观察数据长度来改善检测性能，而导致复杂度急剧增长的问题。本文通过对不同截面 上循环谱特性的分析，对短波跳频信号跳频频点及码元速率进行估计，并根据 CCCC （Correlated Cyclic Cross-Correlation）算法，经设计循环相关匹配滤波器实现了跳频 信号驻留时间的估计。 关键词：认知无线电；频谱感知；短波跳频 -I- Abstract Cognitive radio offers a new way for the spectrum resource shortage in the short-wave communication, the key technology of which is spectrum sensing technology. With the wide application of shortwave frequency hopping technology, how to achieve fast and accurate perception of FH prime user over short-wave channel has become an urgent problem at this stage. The thesis designs a spectrum sensing method for FH signals combined with the idea of broadband step-by-step detection on the basis of in-depth analysis into short-wave FH communication and cognitive radio spectrum sensing technology. The algorithms presented in this paper are also improved based on the features of short-wave channel. At the beginning of this thesis, HF channel is modeled by using Watterson model in MATLAB according to the characters of multipath, fading, frequency shift and spread in short-wave channel. At the first coarse detection stage, the thesis analyzes energy detection algorithm’s performance over AWGN Channel, Rayleigh Channel and Watterson Model, then the algorithm is improved by adopting diversity techniques according to the characters of short-wave channel. The simulation results show that the performance of square-law energy detection method is the most optimal under the same conditions, t