短波通信中数字上变频和信道模拟器的设计与实现-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 短波通信由于传输距离远、抗毁性强、成本低等特点一直在现代通信系统中 起着非常重要的作用，被广泛应用于政府、军事、气象、商业、外交等领域。本 文介绍了短波通信中的数字上变频原理，分析了数字上变频的结构，并选择了积 分梳状滤波器（CIC 滤波器）作为内插滤波器。为了节约资源，提高旁瓣抑制，采 用 N 级 CIC 滤波器进行级联。根据 CIC 滤波器的结构参数，利用 simulink 实现 FPGA 建模与仿真，验证了设计的正确性。 本文同时对短波信道模型进行了数学推导，从数学的角度分析了短波信道的 几种重要特性：电离层散射系数，多普勒频移、多径效应。介绍了 Watterson 短波 信道模型及几种它的改进模型。根据 Watterson 模型，给出了一种基于 DSP 平台的 3KHz 短波信道模拟器，并对其性能进行了分析。 自动增益控制技术的主要作用是在输入信号幅度变化很大时，使输出信号幅 度保持不变或者变化很小。在短波通信接收机中起着不可或缺的作用。本文针对 数字自动增益控制电路的几个关键环节，分别给出了算法并进行了仿真验证。 关键词：短波通信 数字上变频 信道模拟器 数字自动增益控制 Abstract Shortwave communication is of great importance in the modern communication system because of long transmission distance, strong survivability, low cost.It is widely used in government, military, meteorological, commercial, diplomatic and other fields. The basic theory of Digital Up Conversion in HF communication is introduced,the structure of Digital Up Conversion is analyzed,and the integrator comb filter (CIC filter) is selected as an interpolation filter.The N CIC filter is used in order to save resources and improve the sidelobe suppression. According to the structure parameters of CIC filter,Simulink is used for modeling and simulation for FPGA realization,the correctness of design is verified. At the same time, the HF channel is deduced by the mathematics, some important characteristics of HF channel are analyzed from a mathematical point of view: the ionospheric scattering coefficient, the Doppler frequency shift, the multipath effect. The Watterson HF channel model and several improved models are introduced.According to the Watterson model, a 3KHz HF channel simulator based on DSP platform is presented, the performance is analyzed. The main function of automatic gain control technology is to make the output signal amplitude remain constant or change very little ,when the input signal amplitude changes greatly. It plays an indispensable role in the shortwave communication receiver. The several key on the digital automatic gain control circuit are given a