毒死蜱和二嗪农对锦鲫的毒性及在鱼组织中富集的研究-微生物学专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要 目前，世界各国对农药在环境生态安全方面的要求越来越严格，加强农药对 有益生物安全性评价迫在眉睫，而我国有关农药对生态环境风险评估体系和方法 尚不完善。 本试验建立水生态系统农药环境危害风险评估方法体系，可为其他农药的风 险评估技术提供指导,同时也为我国农业的可持续发展和科学使用农药提供基础, 主要研究结果如下： 1.毒死蜱和二嗪农对锦鲫的急性毒性及对乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响 采用半静态法，测定了毒死蜱和二嗪农两种农药对水生生物幼龄锦鲫的急性 毒性，并在低剂量下慢性暴露，研究了毒死蜱和二嗪农对锦鲫脑部乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)活性的影响。AChE活性随着暴露时间延长，活性逐渐降低。但酶活抑制 率达到85%时就已基本接近稳态。 2. 毒死蜱和二嗪农在鱼体组织中富集研究 采用气相色谱法，测定了毒死蜱和二嗪农两种农药对水生生物幼龄锦鲫低作 用剂量下慢性暴露，毒死蜱和二嗪农在锦鲫肝脏，鱼肉，鱼鳃的富集量。结果表 明：两种农药在鱼体同一组织中的富集总趋势是先升高后降低；随着暴露剂量的 增加，富集高峰同样增大。不同组织对同一农药的富集顺序为：肝脏〉鱼鳃〉肌 肉。 3． 锦鲫血清卵黄蛋白原的诱导纯化和鉴定 用 0.05mg/l 雌二醇诱导雄性锦鲫 15 天，SDS电泳检测发现诱导产生 卵黄蛋白，诱导后的雄性血清用 DEAE-52 阴离子交换柱分离纯化出现 3 个洗脱 峰，经电泳检测发现卵黄蛋白由两个亚基组成, 卵黄蛋白原的纯化为锦鲫卵黄蛋 白原抗体的制备打下了基础。 关键词: 锦鲫；毒死蜱；二嗪农；乙酰胆碱酯酶；生物富集  The study on the toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon to Carassius auratus and their bioaccumulation in the fish tissues Abstract At present, all countries in the world have stricter requirements about ecological safety of pesticides in the environment, we should strengthen evaluate pesticides on the beneficial creatures safety urgently, our country has immature risk assessment system and method of pesticide in ecological environment. In order to solve the problem, the establishment of risk assessment method, which evaluates environment at hazards of pesticide on aquatic ecosystems, provides basic advice on sustainable development of Chinas agriculture and usage of pesticides scientifically. What we have achieved are as following: We studied the acute toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon with semi-static system, and also studied the impact on the activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at low-dose. AChE activity gradually reduce with the exposure time, but AChE activity gradually stabilized when activity was inhibited at 85%. We analyzed the bioconcentration of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in Carassius auratus organs at low-dose with gas chromatography, the organs included muscle, liver and gill. The results showed that bioconcentration gradually increased with the exposure concentration and the general trend