大学思辨英语精读Unit 2 Sociological Investigation参考 答案.docVIP

Unit 2 Sociological Investigation Text A Preparatory Work (1) Experiment: variable, hypothesis, stimulus, control group Survey Research: sampling, questionnaire, interview, close-ended questions, open-ended questions, code sheet, telephone survey Field Research: observation, participant Analysis of Existing Data: content analysis, statistics (2) Hawthorne effect: The Hawthorne effect (also referred to as the observer effect) is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify or improve an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. The original research at the Hawthorne Works in Cicero, Illinois, on lighting changes and work structure changes such as working hours and break times were originally interpreted by Elton Mayo and others to mean that paying attention to overall worker needs would improve productivity. This interpretation was dubbed “the Hawthorne effect”. (3) (open) Teaching Suggestion You can use the data banks of the two international organizations to check out the world or any particular country’s information in terms of GDP, population, territory area, human development index etc. The United Nations ( HYPERLINK /en/ /en/) : data page: / The World Bank ( HYPERLINK / /) : / You can also use the website of the Statistical Bureau of China to check out any statistical information about China: HYPERLINK / / Critical Reading I. Understanding the text 1. Thesis: How Sociology Is Done (Research methods/techniques employed in sociology) Part Para(s). Main idea I Introduction 1 Sociology as a science and its main research methods II How do you know what you know? 2-9 Authority, tradition, religion, personal experience, and mysticism V.S. scientific methods III The experiment 10-14 It is a research technique in which the researcher manipulates a stimulus to test theories of cause and effect. IV Survey research 15-22 It is used and designed to study samples in order to measure attitudes, beliefs, values, personality traits, a