阅读和批评文龙评〈金瓶梅〉.PDF

畫大中文學報第十五期 2001 年 12 月頁283-320 臺灣大學中國文學系 閱讀與批評:文龍評〈金瓶梅〉 陳翠英* 提要 明代世情小說〈金瓶梅〉有三種評本。在「崇禎本」簡略的批語基礎之上，清 人張竹坡、文龍相繼對該書作了豐富的批評，其中文龍評點由於發現較晚而猶有許 多值得深入論述的空間。其內容涉及人物評述、小說技巧、辨析〈金瓶梅〉情色描 寫以及揭示〈金瓶梅 r 嫉世病俗」義旨，由於文龍是直接寫在竹坡的評本之上以 作出回應及批駁，此一「對話者」的立場使其評點充滿批判色彩，尤其是對書中若 干女性的評價文龍更與竹坡針鋒相對;亦因在激烈的論辯之中逼顯出對「閱讀」、「批 評」等文學活動的多面思考。讀者的態度、條件為何?閱讀應該遵循那些規則?由〈金 瓶梅 r 以涅為戒」的深旨出發，文龍認為閱讀召喚了讀者的道德意識，期許讀者 為具有高度理性的良知主體，道德意識的惕勵昂揚即是閱讀的終極關懷。而藉由對 竹坡評點的強烈質疑，文龍評點彰顯了對讀者主體意識的重視，認為讀者、作者互 為主體而共同建構小說意義，其說不僅承農傳統小說評點的特質，亦頗能契合當今 文學理論，因而在小說批評史上應有其值得肯定之地位。 關鍵詞: 金瓶梅〉、文龍、張竹坡、閱讀、批評主體、對話 本文 90. 9. 28 收稿， 90.1 1. 14 審查通過。 本國立臺灣大學中國文學系副教授 Reading and Criticism: Wen Longs Comments on Chin - P ing - Mei Chen Chui-ying Abstract To date there are three extant critical editions of the Ming dynasty novel Chin-P ing-Mei. On the basis of the brief comments to be found in the Chung-chen edition , Ching dynasty scholars Chang Chu-po and Wen Long went on to offer extensive critical commentaries. Of these two editions , the Wen Long version was discovered relatively recently and offers a number of points worthy of further consideration, including its critique of characters , discussion of novel-writing techniques , analysis of erotic passages in Chin-P ing-Mei, and exposition of the cynical undertone of the novel. Since Wen Long wrote his comments directly next to those of Chang Chu-po as a type of response and rebuttal , this “dialogue format serves to give his comments a highly critical tone , particularly in terms of critiques of some of the female characters in the nove l. Likewise , in the course of this heated debate , Wen Long gives serious consideration to the acts of reading and criticism, particularly in terms o