离心泵特性曲线-momentum.pdf

5. THE MOMENTUM EQUATION SPRING 2005 – Revised 22 Feb 5.1 Special features of the momentum equations 5.2 Pressure-velocity coupling 5.3 Pressure-correction methods 5.4 Summary Every fluid flow satisfies both mass and momentum equations. Each momentum component satisfies a scalar-transport equation, which can be written for a single control volume as d ∂φ (
Vφ) + ( Cφ − A ) = S V dt f aces ∂n (1) rate of change advection diff usion source where C is the mass flux through a cell face. In the case of momentum: concentration, φ  velocity component (φ = u, v or w) diffusivity,  viscosity,  source  forces 5.1 Special Features of the Momentum Equations The most important feature is that the coefficients of the scalar-transport equation are not fixed but depend on the solution itself (since the mass flux C depends on velocity) and hence evolve as the solution develops. As a result the equations must be solved: • together; (we say that the equations are coup led); • iteratively. Specifically, when φ = u, v or w,. • advective fluxes (mass f lux× velocity ; e.g. ( uA)u
or ( uA)v)
contain non-linear quantities like u2 and uv and the matrix coefficients change as the solution develops; • the mass and momentum equations are coupled because each velocity component appears in all the other equations; • pressure appears in each momentum equation: this (i) further couples the equations; (ii) demands a means of specifying pressure; •