工程水文学-BasicHydrology-HYDR-310-Lecture7.pptVIP

Basic Hydrology (HYDR 310)(Topic 5) Infiltration Processes and Estimation (Part I) * Dr. Xixi (Jack) Wang, P.E. Rainfall Intensity PI Definition: the amount of precipitation per hour, mm/hr time PI (mm/hr) Instantaneous Intensity time PI (mm/hr) Hyetograph: discrete rainfall intensity graph Infiltration processes Definition: the process by which precipitation seeps into the soil below the land surface Infiltration rate depends on the following factors: The antecedent soil moisture condition (AMC) Land cover and land use Soil properties as differentiated by hydrologic soil group (HSG) Time of year and season Storm characteristics: rainfall intensity, duration, and amount Depth of water table Infiltration processes Infiltration rate tends to decrease with time Infiltration rate approaches to a constant value fc f(t) (mm/hr) t (hr) ultimate infiltration rate USDA Textural Soil Classification Triangle fc Values for Different Soils 0.5 Clay 1.3 Sandy clay 1.5 Silty clay loam 2.3 Clay loam D 4.3 Sandy clay loam 6.9 Silt loam C 13.2 Loam 25.9 Sandy loam B 61.2 Loamy sand 210.1 Sand A fc (mm/hr) Texture HSG Average Infiltration Methods: Φ-Index Φ-Index is defined as a constant infiltration rate to be subtracted from the prevailing rainfall intensity in order to obtain the runoff volume that was observed total runoff total rainfall amount when the rainfall intensity Φ-Index total duration when the rainfall intensity Φ-Index Average Infiltration Methods: Φ-Index yes assume a range for Φ-Index compute the total precipitation PΦ when the rainfall intensity is greater than the assumed Φ-Index compute a value for Φ-Index using the previous equation Is the computed value within the assumed range ? The computed Φ-Index is the average infiltration rate no assume a new range for Φ-Index Example Problem I: A storm event generated 36 mm runoff. Using Φ-Index method to determine the average infiltration rate. 5 10 8 12 15 6 Rainfall intensity (mm/