环境生态学hapter 4.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Ecological Environment:  An Integrate System of  Four Spheres Chapter 4  Ecological Environment Content 4.1 Biogeochemical Cycles 4.2 Energy Flows 4.3 Environmental ecosystem 4.1 Biogeochemical cycles 1.The four spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere) are composed of matter in the gaseous, liquid, or solid states. 2.Energy is what makes matter move 4.1.2 Biogeochemical Cycles These cycles of chemical elements through the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere are called biogeochemical cycles CH2O + O2 CO2 +